{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T10:21:30Z","timestamp":1781605290493,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Dentistry bridge fund (HX)"},{"name":"University of Maryland seed grant (HX)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives: Composites are commonly used for tooth restorations, but recurrent caries often lead to restoration failures due to polymerization shrinkage-stress-induced marginal leakage. The aims of this research were to: (1) develop novel low-shrinkage-stress (L.S.S.) nanocomposites containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) with nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) or amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) for remineralization; (2) investigate antibacterial and cytocompatibility properties. Methods: Nanocomposites were made by mixing triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether with urethane dimethacrylate containing 3% DMADDM, 20% nCaF2, and 20% NACP. Flexural strength, elastic modulus, antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans biofilms, and cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts and dental pulp stem cells were tested. Results: Nanocomposites with DMADDM and nCaF2 or NACP had flexural strengths matching commercial composite control without bioactivity. The new nanocomposite provided potent antibacterial properties, reducing biofilm CFU by 6 logs, and reducing lactic acid synthesis and metabolic function of biofilms by 90%, compared to controls (p &lt; 0.05). The new nanocomposites produced excellent cell viability matching commercial control (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusions: Bioactive L.S.S. antibacterial nanocomposites with nCaF2 and NACP had excellent bioactivity without compromising mechanical and cytocompatible properties. The new nanocomposites are promising for a wide range of dental restorations by improving marginal integrity by reducing shrinkage stress, defending tooth structures, and minimizing cariogenic biofilms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10090991","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T09:20:55Z","timestamp":1692696055000},"page":"991","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Novel Bioactive Nanocomposites Containing Calcium Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate with Antibacterial and Low-Shrinkage-Stress Capabilities to Inhibit Dental Caries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7926-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alhussein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashed","family":"Alsahafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, College of Dentistry, Makkah 24211, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6678-7940","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulrahman A.","family":"Balhaddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1071-1925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lamia","family":"Mokeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PhD Program in Dental Biomedical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary-Ann","family":"Jabra-Rizk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radi","family":"Masri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary D.","family":"Hack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas W.","family":"Oates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jirun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Forsyth Institute, Harvard School of Dental Medicine Affiliate, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hockin H. K.","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2010.10.020","article-title":"Resin Composite\u2014State of the Art","volume":"27","author":"Ferracane","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dent. 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