{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T22:50:10Z","timestamp":1793227810942,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1692835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20006006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20006006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HI20C2114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI20C2114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["20006006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20006006"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["HI20C2114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI20C2114"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has shown potential in maxillofacial surgery owing to its osteoinductive properties. However, concerns about its safety and high cost have limited its widespread use. This review presents the status of rhBMP-2 use in maxillofacial surgery, focusing on its clinical application, efficacy, safety, and limitations. Studies have demonstrated rhBMP-2\u2019s potential to reduce donor site morbidity and increase bone height in sinus and ridge augmentation; however, it may not outperform autogenous bone grafts. In medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw treatment, rhBMP-2 has been applied adjunctively with promising results, although its long-term safety requires further investigation. However, in maxillofacial trauma, its application is limited to the restoration of large defects. Safety concerns include postoperative edema and the theoretical risk of carcinogenesis. Although postoperative edema is manageable, the link between rhBMP-2 and cancer remains unclear. The limitations include the lack of an ideal carrier, the high cost of rhBMP-2, and the absence of an optimal dosing regimen. In conclusion, rhBMP-2 is a promising graft material for maxillofacial surgery. However, it has not yet become the gold standard owing to safety and cost concerns. Further research is required to establish long-term safety, optimize dosing, and develop better carriers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10091005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T10:06:48Z","timestamp":1692871608000},"page":"1005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Current Status of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in Maxillofacial Surgery: Should It Be Continued?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sung-Woon","family":"On","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong 18450, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduated School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Yoon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduated School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Min","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduated School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduated School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0739-7971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soo-Hwan","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduated School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4446-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byoung-Eun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics in Dentistry, Graduated School of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Dental Artificial Intelligence and Robotics R&D Center, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang 14066, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1126\/science.150.3698.893","article-title":"Bone: Formation by autoinduction","volume":"150","author":"Urist","year":"1965","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-017-2147-x","article-title":"Formulation, Delivery and Stability of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins for Effective Bone Regeneration","volume":"34","author":"Jiskoot","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharm. 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