{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:34:52Z","timestamp":1782488092551,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP22ym0126809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22ym0126809"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP22ym0126815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22ym0126815"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP21lm0203014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21lm0203014"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP19K09658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K09658"]}]},{"name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","award":["JP18KK0104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18KK0104"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP22ym0126809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22ym0126809"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP22ym0126815"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP22ym0126815"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP21lm0203014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21lm0203014"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP19K09658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K09658"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP18KK0104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18KK0104"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To determine whether the mechanical properties of joint soft tissues such as cartilage can be calculated from quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, we investigated whether the mechanical properties of articular cartilage and meniscus scheduled to be resected during arthroplasty are correlated with the T2 relaxation time on quantitative MRI at the same location. Six patients who had undergone knee arthroplasty and seven who had undergone hip arthroplasty were examined. For the knee joint, the articular cartilage and lateral meniscus of the distal lateral condyle of the femur and proximal lateral tibia were examined, while for the hip joint, the articular cartilage above the femoral head was studied. We investigated the relationship between T2 relaxation time by quantitative MRI and stiffness using a hand-made compression tester at 235 locations. The patient-individualized template technique was used to align the two measurement sites. The results showed a negative correlation (from \u22120.30 to \u22120.35) in the less severely damaged articular cartilage and meniscus. This indicates that tissue mechanical properties can be calculated from T2 relaxation time, suggesting that quantitative MRI is useful in determining when to start loading after interventional surgery on cartilage tissue and in managing the health of elderly patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10091050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T09:51:37Z","timestamp":1694080297000},"page":"1050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Determining the Relationship between Mechanical Properties and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Joint Soft Tissues Using Patient-Specific Templates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6092-2910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takehito","family":"Hananouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biodesign Division, Department of Academia-Government-Industry Collaboration, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Sangyo University, Daito, Osaka 574-8530, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimada Hospital, 100-1 Kashiyama, Habikino, Osaka 583-0875, Japan"},{"name":"Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Satake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimada Hospital, 100-1 Kashiyama, Habikino, Osaka 583-0875, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Sakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimada Hospital, 100-1 Kashiyama, Habikino, Osaka 583-0875, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Katsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimada Hospital, 100-1 Kashiyama, Habikino, Osaka 583-0875, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagakazu","family":"Shimada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shimada Hospital, 100-1 Kashiyama, Habikino, Osaka 583-0875, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik W.","family":"Dorthe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8707-1455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darryl D.","family":"D\u2019Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120608","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.0608","article-title":"Probing articular cartilage damage and disease by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"10","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006895","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-006895","article-title":"Zonal T2* and T1 Gd assessment of knee joint cartilage in various histological grades of cartilage degeneration: An Observational in Vitro Study","volume":"5","author":"Bittersohl","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120163","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20120163","article-title":"Quantitative parametric MRI of articular cartilage: A review of progress and open challenges","volume":"86","author":"Binks","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(03)00291-4","article-title":"Prediction of biomechanical properties of articular cartilage with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"37","author":"Nieminen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.009","article-title":"T2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping in an equine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis: Assessment of mechanical and structural properties of articular cartilage","volume":"27","author":"Sarin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"46","article-title":"Quantitative MRI of Human Cartilage In Vivo: Relationships with Arthroscopic Indentation Stiffness and Defect Severity","volume":"9","author":"Lakovaara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cartilage"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hananouchi, T., Chen, Y., Jerban, S., Teramoto, M., Ma, Y., Dorthe, E.W., Chang, E.Y., Du, J., and D\u2019Lima, D.D. (2021). A Useful Combination of Quantitative Ultrashort Echo Time MR Imaging and a Probing Device for Biomechanical Evaluation of Articular Cartilage. Biosensors, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11020052"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-0994-4","article-title":"Tailor-made Surgical Guide Reduces Incidence of Outliers of Cup Placement","volume":"468","author":"Hananouchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200102150-00012","article-title":"Computer-Assisted Orthopedic Surgery with Individual Templates and Comparison to Conventional Operation Method","volume":"26","author":"Birnbaum","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.02.008","article-title":"Corrective Osteotomy for Malunited Intra-Articular Fracture of the Distal Radius Using a Custom-Made Surgical Guide Based on Three-Dimensional Computer Simulation: Case Report","volume":"33","author":"Oka","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hand Surg."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01299","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Corrective Osteotomy of Malunited Fractures of the Upper Extremity with Use of a Computer Simulation System","volume":"90","author":"Murase","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199809000-00005","article-title":"Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Surgery with Image Based Individual Templates","volume":"354","author":"Radermacher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.16.4.494","article-title":"Radiological Assessment of Osteo-Arthrosis","volume":"16","author":"Kellgren","year":"1957","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-022-00413-8","article-title":"Assessment of the accuracy of imaging software for 3D rendering of the upper airway, usable in orthodontic and craniofacial clinical settings","volume":"23","author":"Giudice","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog. Orthod."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"738","article-title":"Cardiac valve annulus manual segmentation using computer assisted visual feedback in three-dimensional image data","volume":"2010","author":"Casero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Messroghli, D.R., Rudolph, A., Abdel-Aty, H., Wassmuth, R., K\u00fchne, T., Dietz, R., and Schulz-Menger, J. (2010). An open-source software tool for the generation of relaxation time maps in magnetic resonance imaging. BMC Med. Imaging, 10.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-10-16"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2022.11.016","article-title":"Comparison of Static and Dynamic Navigation in Root End Resection Performed by Experienced and Inexperienced Operators: An In Vitro Study","volume":"49","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Endod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.18063\/ijb.v8i4.607","article-title":"3D Printing and Computer-Aided Design for Precision Osteotomy-Aided Modules in Bone Biomechanical Study","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Bioprinting"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2018.04.002","article-title":"Effect of preparation design for all-ceramic restoration on maxillary premolar: A 3D finite element study","volume":"62","author":"Maghami","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Prosthodont. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2016.10.002","article-title":"Three-dimensional printed final occlusal splint for orthognathic surgery: Design and validation","volume":"46","author":"Shaheen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2011.08.001","article-title":"The intraoperative gap difference (flexion gap minus extension gap) is altered by insertion of the trial femoral component","volume":"19","author":"Hananouchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/rcs.226","article-title":"Comparison of navigation accuracy in THA between the mini-anterior and -posterior approaches","volume":"5","author":"Hananouchi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Med Robot. Comput. Assist. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"e60722","article-title":"A Probing Device for Quantitatively Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Soft Tissues during Arthroscopy","volume":"159","author":"Hananouchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200300002-00008","article-title":"Evaluation of cartilage injuries and repair","volume":"85","author":"Brittberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.11.014","article-title":"T2 mapping in the knee after microfracture at 3.0T: Correlation of global T2 values and clinical outcome\u2014Preliminary results","volume":"16","author":"Domayer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2009.03.018","article-title":"Multimodal approach in the use of clinical scoring, morphological MRI and biochemical T2-mapping and diffusion-weighted imaging in their ability to assess differences between cartilage repair tissue after microfracture therapy and matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte transplantation: A pilot study","volume":"17","author":"Welsch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8364","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-022-08897-y","article-title":"Adjacent cartilage tissue structure after successful transplantation: A quantitative MRI study using T2 mapping and texture analysis","volume":"32","author":"Janacova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967120982139","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120982139","article-title":"Short- to Midterm Clinical and Radiological Outcomes After Matrix-Associated Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation for Chondral Defects in Knees","volume":"9","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2536-2","article-title":"Sagittal gap balancing with the concept of a single radius femoral component in posterior cruciate sacrificing total knee arthroplasty with patient-specific instrumentation","volume":"39","author":"Hananouchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. Orthop."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"1155","article-title":"Application of Personalized Navigation Templates to Oxford Single Condylar Replacement in a Chinese Population","volume":"34","author":"Gan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Knee Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5524713","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5524713","article-title":"Comparison of Functional Outcome of Total and Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Using Computer-Assisted Patient-Specific Templating","volume":"2021","author":"Morsy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Orthop."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/9\/1050\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:46:35Z","timestamp":1760129195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/9\/1050"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering10091050"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10091050","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]}}}