{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T23:58:33Z","timestamp":1793059113494,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]],"date-time":"2023-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1I1A1A01059501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1I1A1A01059501"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Recently, Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (E. coli-derived rhBMP-2) has been increasingly applied to different types of spinal surgeries and reported to achieve successful fusion. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of rhBMP-2 in patients undergoing posterior instrumented fusions for unstable spinal fractures. (2) Methods: This study included ten consecutive patients undergoing spinal surgery using E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 with more than one year of follow-up. Radiologic outcomes were compared, including the average fracture healing period, local kyphosis correction, and clinical outcomes between preoperative and the last follow-up. (3) Results: The average time of radiographic union was 99.9 \u00b1 45.4 (62\u2013192) days, with an average use of 5.2 \u00b1 3.9 months of anabolic agents. Radiologic parameters such as anterior vertebral height and vertebral wedge angle were significantly corrected postoperatively and at the last follow-up. Clinical outcomes other than leg pain were significantly improved after the surgery. In addition, four patients with preoperative neurologic deficits showed improved neurologic status. (4) Conclusions: Combined with the anabolic agents, applying E. coli-derived rhBMP-2 to the fractured vertebral body could be an effective surgical treatment for unstable spinal fractures. Further trials are needed to validate this result.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10101114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T10:36:26Z","timestamp":1695551786000},"page":"1114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Application of Escherichia coli-Derived Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 to Unstable Spinal Fractures"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1237-4600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Hoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Seok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kee-Yong","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2758-0012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Il","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ho-Young","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geon-U","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongwon","family":"Joh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0084-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung-Youl","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2022.0441","article-title":"Management of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture: Review Update 2022","volume":"16","author":"Jang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.31616\/asj.2022.0435","article-title":"Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Osteobiologics for Lumbar Fusion","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian Spine J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halloran, D., Durbano, H.W., and Nohe, A. 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