{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T15:16:50Z","timestamp":1787671010860,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695859200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Development and Transformation of New Technology and Construction of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment System for Transcatheter Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Structural Heart Diseases","award":["No. 2022YFC2503400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2022YFC2503400"]}]},{"name":"Research on Key Techniques of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Valvular Heart Diseases","award":["No. 2023-YBSF-105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2023-YBSF-105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) often occurs following a transannular patch repair of tetralogy of Fallot, resulting in an enlarged native right ventricular outflow tract (nRVOT) with varying shapes. Methods: We conducted a single-center study with eight patients having severe PR and enlarged nRVOT (diameters \u2265 29 mm). Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) was performed using the self-expanding PT-Valve. Preoperative evaluation included echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A 3D-printed model of the nRVOT was used for preoperative assessment. Follow-up data were collected in 1-year follow-up. Results: PT-Valve was successfully implanted in all patients, resulting in immediate improvement of severe PR. Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure increased significantly (p &lt; 0.001). No deaths or coronary compression occurred during the procedure. Over a 1-year follow-up, no stent displacement or fracture occurred. Only two patients had trace paravalvular leaks. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a reversal of right ventricular remodeling, with a significant reduction in right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (p &lt; 0.001) and improved right ventricular ejection fraction (p &lt; 0.001). All patients achieved primary endpoints. Conclusion: 3D printing-guided PT-Valve implantation in enlarged nRVOT for severe PR is safe and effective, expanding TPVR indications and offering potential treatment for a broader patient population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10101136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T05:55:54Z","timestamp":1695880554000},"page":"1136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Treatment of Severe Pulmonary Regurgitation in Enlarged Native Right Ventricular Outflow Tracts: Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement with Three-Dimensional Printing Guidance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yiwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanlan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minwen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2059-1912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi\u2019an 710032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11748-018-0931-0","article-title":"Pulmonary valve replacement after repaired Tetralogy of Fallot","volume":"66","author":"Tatewaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen. 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Heart Assoc."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/10\/1136\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:00:34Z","timestamp":1760130034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/10\/10\/1136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering10101136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10101136","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]}}}