{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T04:26:26Z","timestamp":1790223986554,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Leap SAVE program","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]},{"name":"Australian Training Program Stipend","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>It is generally accepted that the human abdominal wall comprises skin, subcutaneous tissues, muscles and their aponeuroses, and the parietal peritoneum. Understanding these layers and their mechanical properties provides valuable information to those designing procedural skills trainers, supporting surgical procedures (hernia repair), and engineering-based work (in silico simulation). However, there is little literature available on the mechanical properties of the abdominal wall in layers or as a composite in the context of designing a procedural skills trainer. This work characterizes the tensile properties of the human abdominal wall by layer and as a partial composite. Tissues were collected from fresh-never-frozen and fresh-frozen cadavers and tested in uniaxial tension at a rate of 5 mm\/min until failure. Stress\u2013strain curves were created for each sample, and the values for elastic moduli, ultimate tensile strength, and strain at failure were obtained. The experimental outcomes from this study demonstrated variations in tensile properties within and between tissues. The data also suggest that the tensile properties of composite abdominal walls are not additive. Ultimately, this body of work contributes to a deeper comprehension of these mechanical properties and will serve to enhance patient care, refine surgical interventions, and assist with more sophisticated engineering solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10101213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T08:08:33Z","timestamp":1697530113000},"page":"1213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Mechanical Characterization of the Human Abdominal Wall Using Uniaxial Tensile Testing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kyleigh","family":"Kriener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0996-5322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raushan","family":"Lala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1978-782X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan Anthony Peter","family":"Homes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Finley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Sinclair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mason Kelley","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2115-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark John","family":"Midwinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1216.51902","article-title":"Entry complications in laparoscopic surgery","volume":"1","author":"Krishnakumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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