{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:38:50Z","timestamp":1760143130634,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705017600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003125","name":"Finnish Cultural Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["00220125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["00220125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Air particle abrasion (APA) using bioactive glass (BG) effectively decontaminates titanium (Ti) surface biofilms and the retained glass particles on the abraded surfaces impart potent antibacterial properties against various clinically significant pathogens. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of BG APA and simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion of sandblasted and acid-etched (SA) Ti surfaces on osteoblast cell viability. Another goal was to study the antibacterial effect against Streptococcus mutans. Square-shaped 10 mm diameter Ti substrates (n = 136) were SA by grit blasting with aluminum oxide particles, then acid-etching in an HCl-H2SO4 mixture. The SA substrates (n = 68) were used as non-coated controls (NC-SA). The test group (n = 68) was further subjected to APA using experimental zinc-containing BG (Zn4) and then mineralized in SBF for 14 d (Zn4-CaP). Surface roughness, contact angle, and surface free energy (SFE) were calculated on test and control surfaces. In addition, the topography and chemistry of substrate surfaces were also characterized. Osteoblastic cell viability and focal adhesion were also evaluated and compared to glass slides as an additional control. The antibacterial effect of Zn4-CaP was also assessed against S. mutans. After immersion in SBF, a mineralized zinc-containing Ca-P coating was formed on the SA substrates. The Zn4-CaP coating resulted in a significantly lower Ra surface roughness value (2.565 \u03bcm; p &lt; 0.001), higher wettability (13.35\u00b0; p &lt; 0.001), and higher total SFE (71.13; p &lt; 0.001) compared to 3.695 \u03bcm, 77.19\u00b0 and 40.43 for the NC-SA, respectively. APA using Zn4 can produce a zinc-containing calcium phosphate coating that demonstrates osteoblast cell viability and focal adhesion comparable to that on NC-SA or glass slides. Nevertheless, the coating had no antibacterial effect against S. mutans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11010074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T07:47:16Z","timestamp":1705045636000},"page":"74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Osteoblast Attachment on Bioactive Glass Air Particle Abrasion-Induced Calcium Phosphate Coating"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8032-9396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faleh","family":"Abushahba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center\u2014TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Libyan International Medical University (LIMU), Benghazi 339P+62Q, Libya"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0821-0718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elina","family":"Kylm\u00e4oja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Unit of Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2959-8774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagat","family":"Areid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Hupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johan Gadolin Process Chemistry Center, \u00c5bo Akademi University, Henriksgatan 2, 20500 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pekka K.","family":"Vallittu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center\u2014TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"The Wellbeing Service County Southwest Finland, 20521 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1723-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juha","family":"Tuukkanen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Research Unit of Translational Medicine, Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1325-4555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timo","family":"N\u00e4rhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterial Center\u2014TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"The Wellbeing Service County Southwest Finland, 20521 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S267","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.16-0350","article-title":"Peri-implantitis","volume":"89","author":"Schwarz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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