{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T07:47:03Z","timestamp":1777016823194,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Early implant failure occurring within 1 year after implantation has been attributed to various factors. Particularly, early failure can lead to challenges in maintaining a full-arch prosthetic device, necessitating prompt intervention, including reoperation. This study aimed to retrospectively examine implant- and patient-related factors and the effects of photofunctionalisation associated with early failure in patients who underwent treatment using the all-on-four concept in both the maxilla and mandible. We conducted this retrospective study comprising 561 patients with 2364 implants who underwent implant-supported immediate loading with fixed full-arch rehabilitation using the all-on-four concept. We aimed to assess the survival rate within 1 year after implantation and determine the risk factors influencing early failure. The 1-year survival rates after implantation were 97.1% (patient level) and 98.9% (implant level) for the maxilla and 98.5% (patient level) and 99.6% (implant level) for the mandible. There was a significant difference in the implant-level survival rates between the maxilla and mandible, with a lower rate in the maxilla (p = 0.043). The risk factors associated with early implant failure according to the all-on-four concept included the maxilla (implant level) and smoking (patient level). We could not find a significant effect of photofunctionalisation on early failure (p = 0.25) following this treatment protocol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11030223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T03:35:48Z","timestamp":1709004948000},"page":"223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Study of the Associated Risk Factors for Early Failure and the Effect of Photofunctionalisation in Full-Arch Immediate Loading Treatment Based on the All-on-Four Concept"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0341-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Uesugi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Shimoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5085-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Motohiro","family":"Munakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Kataoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biomaterials and Technology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6815-073X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3919-9179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kikue","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Implant Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7102-5449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minoru","family":"Sanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiya","family":"Fujimaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tae","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Malo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malo Dental & Medical Tokyo, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Risk factors associated with early failure of maxillary versus mandibular implants: A retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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