{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:50:19Z","timestamp":1789069819567,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":182,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["258229"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["258229"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The penis is a complex organ with a development cycle from the fetal stage to puberty. In addition, it may suffer from either congenital or acquired anomalies. Penile surgical reconstruction has been the center of interest for many researchers but is still challenging due to the complexity of its anatomy and functionality. In this review, penile anatomy, pathologies, and current treatments are described, including surgical techniques and tissue engineering approaches. The self-assembly technique currently applied is emphasized since it is considered promising for an adequate tissue-engineered penile reconstructed substitute.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11030230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T03:37:57Z","timestamp":1709091477000},"page":"230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Tissue Engineering for Penile Reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Elissa","family":"Elia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale\/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0811-0688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Caneparo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale\/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2937-4431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"McMartin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0389-667X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Chabaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale\/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6680-5563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bolduc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Organog\u00e9n\u00e8se Exp\u00e9rimentale\/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, CHU de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1159\/000441988","article-title":"The Genetic and Environmental Factors Underlying Hypospadias","volume":"9","author":"Bouty","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex. 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