{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T01:52:45Z","timestamp":1781315565947,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["current research 2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["current research 2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"US Department of Defense","award":["W81XWH-19-1-0810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-19-1-0810"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To determine the best predictor of lesion volume induced by magnetic resonance (MR)-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy in patients with tremor-dominant symptoms in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) patients. Methods: Thirty-six neurological patients with medication-refractory tremor (n\u00b019 PD; n\u00b017 ET) were treated using a commercial MRgFUS brain system (Exablate Neuro 4000, Insightec) integrated with a 1.5 T MRI unit (Sigma HDxt; GE Medical System). Linear regression analysis was used to determine how the demographic, clinical, radiological (Fazekas scale), volumetric (total GM\/WM\/CSF volume, cortical thickness), and MRgFUS-related parameters [Skull Density Ratio (SDR), n\u00b0 of transducer elements, n\u00b0 of sonications, skull area, maximal energy delivered (watt), maximal power delivered (joule), maximal sonication time delivered, maximal mean temperature reached (T\u00b0C_max), accumulated thermal dose (ATD)] impact on ventral intermediate (VIM)-thalamotomy-related 3D volumetric lesions of necrosis and edema. Results: The VIM thalamotomy was clinically efficacious in improving the tremor symptoms of all the patients as measured at 1 week after treatment. Multiple regression analysis revealed that T\u00b0C_max and n\u00b0 of transducer elements were the best predictors of the necrosis and edema volumes. Moreover, total WM volume also predicted the size of necrosis. Conclusions: Our study provides new insights into the clinical MRgFUS procedures that can be used to forecast brain lesion size and improve treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11040373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T09:28:06Z","timestamp":1712914086000},"page":"373","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Role of Treatment-Related Parameters and Brain Morphology in the Lesion Volume of Magnetic-Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound Thalamotomy in Patients with Tremor-Dominant Neurological Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rosa","family":"Morabito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Cammaroto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Militi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Smorto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmelo","family":"Anfuso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8180-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo","family":"Lavano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mater Domini University Hospital, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Tomasello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Humanitas Clinical Institute of Catania, 95045 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Brigand\u00ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Sorbera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-405X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilla","family":"Bonanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9661-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Augusto","family":"Ielo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4423-440X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Vatrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9412-4116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Cacciola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Biomedical, Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8022-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cerasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S. Anna Institute, 88900 Crotone, Italy"},{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Pharmacotechnology Documentation and Transfer Unit, Preclinical and Translational Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Quartarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino Pulejo\u201d, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00628","article-title":"Impact of Tremor on Patients with Early Stage Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"9","author":"Heusinkveld","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. 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