{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T15:52:16Z","timestamp":1790610736474,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1713225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim: The objective of this in vitro study was to compare reused and sterilized versus new healing abutments to assess whether a decontamination and sterilization process performed on resued healing abutments was sufficient to remove residual proteins. The two groups were comparable with respect to patient safety. Materials and methods: During the period from September 2022 to October 2023, healing abutment screws were selected and divided into two groups according to whether they were new or previously used in patients. The samples were subjected to a decontamination and sterilization protocol, and results from sample sterility evaluation and assessment of surface protein levels were recorded. Results: The obtained results revealed a significant difference in the OD562 nm values between new and reused healing abutment samples. The assay demonstrates how treated healing abutments were still contaminated by residual proteins. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, although from an infectious point of view sterilization results in the total eradication of pathogens, surface proteins remain on reused healing abutments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11040387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]],"date-time":"2024-04-16T09:16:33Z","timestamp":1713258993000},"page":"387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Could Dental Material Reuse Play a Significant Role in Preservation of Raw Materials, Water, Energy, and Costs? Microbiological Analysis of New versus Reused Healing Abutments: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Burioni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, University \u201cVita-Salute\u201d San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0476-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Silvestrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Virology, University \u201cVita-Salute\u201d San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5324-1815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"D\u2019Orto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, \u201cVita-Salute\u201d San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9461-469X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Tet\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, \u201cVita-Salute\u201d San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Nagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, \u201cVita-Salute\u201d San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Polizzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair Center for Oral Hygiene and Prevention, Department of Dentistry, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, \u201cVita-Salute\u201d San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico Felice","family":"Gherlone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, \u201cVita-Salute\u201d University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/clr.13339","article-title":"Peri-implant tissue healing at implants with different designs and placement protocols: An experimental study in dogs","volume":"29","author":"Oskarsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. 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