{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T00:47:40Z","timestamp":1768438060071,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]],"date-time":"2024-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School of the University of Szeged","award":["5S 724 (A202)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5S 724 (A202)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction: Trophoblast-derived angiogenic factors are considered to play an important role in the pathophysiology of various complications of pregnancy. Human Leukocyte Antigen-G (HLA-G) belongs to the non-classical human major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) molecule and has membrane-bound and soluble forms. HLA-G is primarily expressed by extravillous cytotrophoblasts located in the placenta between the maternal and fetal compartments and plays a pivotal role in providing immune tolerance. The aim of this study was to establish a relationship between concentrations of soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) in maternal serum and amniotic fluid at 16\u201322 weeks of gestation and the sonographic measurements of fetal and placental growth. Materials and methods: sHLA-G in serum and amniotic fluid, as well as fetal biometric data and placental volume and perfusion indices, were determined in 41 singleton pregnancies with no complications. The level of sHLA-G (U\/mL) was tested with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: The sHLA-G levels were unchanged both in amniotic fluid and serum during mid-pregnancy. The sHLA-G level in serum correlated positively with amniotic sHLA-G level (\u03b2 = 0.63, p &lt; 0.01). Serum sHLA-G level was significantly correlated with abdominal measurements (\u03b2 = 0.41, p &lt; 0.05) and estimated fetal weight (\u03b2 = 0.41, p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, amniotic sHLA-G level and placental perfusion (VI: \u03b2 = \u22120.34, p &lt; 0.01 and VFI: \u03b2 = \u22120.44, p &lt; 0.01, respectively) were negatively correlated. A low amniotic sHLA-G level was significantly associated with nuchal translucency (r = \u22120.102, p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: sHLA-G assayed in amniotic fluid might be a potential indicator of placental function, whereas the sHLA-G level in serum can be a prognostic factor for feto-placental insufficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11050509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,20]],"date-time":"2024-05-20T08:20:31Z","timestamp":1716193231000},"page":"509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["How the Soluble Human Leukocyte Antigen-G levels in Amniotic Fluid and Maternal Serum Correlate with the Feto-Placental Growth in Uncomplicated Pregnancies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"M\u00e1ri\u00f3","family":"Vincze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Sikovanyecz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imre","family":"F\u00f6ldesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1168-7261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Sur\u00e1nyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szabolcs","family":"V\u00e1rb\u00edr\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor","family":"N\u00e9meth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7485-9895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoltan","family":"Kozinszky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capio Specialized Center for Gynecology, Postg\u00e5ngen 53, 171 45 Solna, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00e1nos","family":"Sikovanyecz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592010","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.592010","article-title":"Roles of HLA-G in the Maternal-Fetal Immune Microenvironment","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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