{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T11:34:56Z","timestamp":1789472096538,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pulsing Magnetic Field Therapy Research, Singapore","award":["E-551-00-0004-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-551-00-0004-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Concurrent optical and magnetic stimulation (COMS) combines extremely low-frequency electromagnetic and light exposure for enhanced wound healing. We investigated the potential mechanistic synergism between the magnetic and light components of COMS by comparing their individual and combined cellular responses. Lone magnetic field exposure produced greater enhancements in cell proliferation than light alone, yet the combined effects of magnetic fields and light were supra-additive of the individual responses. Reactive oxygen species were incrementally reduced by exposure to light, magnetics fields, and their combination, wherein statistical significance was only achieved by the combined COMS modality. By contrast, ATP production was most greatly enhanced by magnetic exposure in combination with light, indicating that mitochondrial respiratory efficiency was improved by the combination of magnetic fields plus light. Protein expression pertaining to cell proliferation was preferentially enhanced by the COMS modality, as were the protein levels of the TRPC1 cation channel that had been previously implicated as part of a calcium\u2013mitochondrial signaling axis invoked by electromagnetic exposure and necessary for proliferation. These results indicate that light facilitates functional synergism with magnetic fields that ultimately impinge on mitochondria-dependent developmental responses. Aminoglycoside antibiotics (AGAs) have been previously shown to inhibit TRPC1-mediated magnetotransduction, whereas their influence over photomodulation has not been explored. Streptomycin applied during exposure to light, magnetic fields, or COMS reduced their respective proliferation enhancements, whereas streptomycin added after the exposure did not. Magnetic field exposure and the COMS modality were capable of partially overcoming the antagonism of proliferation produced by streptomycin treatment, whereas light alone was not. The antagonism of photon-electromagnetic effects by streptomycin implicates TRPC1-mediated calcium entry in both magnetotransduction and photomodulation. Avoiding the prophylactic use of AGAs during COMS therapy will be crucial for maintaining clinical efficacy and is a common concern in most other electromagnetic regenerative paradigms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11070637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T11:10:28Z","timestamp":1718968228000},"page":"637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Synergistic Cellular Responses Conferred by Concurrent Optical and Magnetic Stimulation Are Attenuated by Simultaneous Exposure to Streptomycin: An Antibiotic Dilemma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5900-2033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Nikolas","family":"Iversen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore"},{"name":"BICEPS Lab (Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5923-3410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrg","family":"Fr\u00f6hlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fields at Work GmbH, Hegibachstrasse 41, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Piomic Medical AG, Reitergasse 6, 8004 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee Kit","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore"},{"name":"BICEPS Lab (Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore"},{"name":"NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2514-1083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Franco-Obreg\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore"},{"name":"Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore"},{"name":"BICEPS Lab (Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore"},{"name":"NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore"},{"name":"Competence Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Z\u00fcrich, 8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.12968\/jowc.2022.31.Sup6.S12","article-title":"Concurrent optical and magnetic stimulation therapy in patients with lower extremity hard-to-heal wounds","volume":"31","author":"Traber","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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