{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:17:21Z","timestamp":1760145441691,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"BMBF RESPONSE FKZ","award":["03ZZ0922E","03ZZ0931E","03ZZ0931B","03ZZ0922B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ0922E","03ZZ0931E","03ZZ0931B","03ZZ0922B"]}]},{"name":"BMBF","award":["03ZZ0922E","03ZZ0931E","03ZZ0931B","03ZZ0922B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ0922E","03ZZ0931E","03ZZ0931B","03ZZ0922B"]}]},{"name":"publication fund NiedersachsenOPEN","award":["03ZZ0922E","03ZZ0931E","03ZZ0931B","03ZZ0922B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ0922E","03ZZ0931E","03ZZ0931B","03ZZ0922B"]}]},{"name":"zukunft.niedersachsen","award":["03ZZ0922E","03ZZ0931E","03ZZ0931B","03ZZ0922B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03ZZ0922E","03ZZ0931E","03ZZ0931B","03ZZ0922B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Eustachian tube (ET) is a bottleneck when it comes to middle ear (ME) health. If its function is impaired, this can lead to serious consequences for the patient, such as hearing problems or deafness. Therefore, this study investigated a tapered nitinol stent (3\u20135 mm \u00d7 14 mm) for the human ET as a potential new permanent treatment for chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) and thus ME ventilation disorders. The self-expanding stent was inserted unilaterally into the ET of 24 sheep with observation periods of 3, 6, and 12 months. Local tissue effects and the safety of the stent insertion were analyzed based on regular endoscopic checks, weekly tympanometry measurements, final imaging, and histological examinations. The animals showed no stent-related health restrictions. However, the individual anatomy and stenting procedure had an influence on the results. The tissue reaction in the endoscopic examinations was mild even though no concomitant antibiotics were administered. After all three monitoring periods, stented ETs had a significantly larger ET lumen than the non-stented contralateral ETs. However, tissue growth was detected in the stent. Overall, the first long-term study on an ET stent showed that the tapered ET stent could be a promising treatment option for ETD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11080755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T13:10:28Z","timestamp":1721913028000},"page":"755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Preclinical Evaluation of a Permanent Stent Developed for the Human Eustachian Tube"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7259-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malena","family":"Timm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bess pro GmbH, Gustav-Krone-Str. 7, 14167 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Oppel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Napp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Friederike","family":"Pohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7596-4566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Schuon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kampmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"K\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5775-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Bankstahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Wien, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9307-5989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Lenarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"bess pro GmbH, Gustav-Krone-Str. 7, 14167 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerrit","family":"Paasche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence Hearing4all, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Miller, F., Burghard, A., Salcher, R., Scheper, V., Leibold, W., Lenarz, T., and Paasche, G. 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