{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T14:41:23Z","timestamp":1779374483672,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periapical radiographs are routinely used in dental practice for diagnosis and treatment planning purposes. However, they often suffer from artifacts, distortions, and superimpositions, which can lead to potential misinterpretations. Thus, an automated detection system is required to overcome these challenges. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been revolutionizing various fields, including medicine and dentistry, by facilitating the development of intelligent systems that can aid in performing complex tasks such as diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of the present study was to verify the diagnostic performance of an AI system for the automatic detection of teeth, caries, implants, restorations, and fixed prosthesis on periapical radiographs. A dataset comprising 1000 periapical radiographs collected from 500 adult patients was analyzed by an AI system and compared with annotations provided by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. A strong correlation (R &gt; 0.5) was observed between AI perception and observers 1 and 2 in carious teeth (0.7\u20130.73), implants (0.97\u20130.98), restored teeth (0.85\u20130.89), teeth with fixed prosthesis (0.92\u20130.94), and missing teeth (0.82\u20130.85). The automatic detection by the AI system was comparable to the oral radiologists and may be useful for automatic identification in periapical radiographs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11101001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T06:23:18Z","timestamp":1728282198000},"page":"1001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Clinical Validation of Deep Learning for Segmentation of Multiple Dental Features in Periapical Radiographs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9115-7235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan","family":"Jagtap","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Care Planning & Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yalamanchili","family":"Samata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur 522509, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3478-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amisha","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Tretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguai and Missions, Erechim 99709-910, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8250-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael D.","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saranu","family":"Sethumanjusha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur 522509, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chennupati","family":"Tejaswi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur 522509, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2812-8885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prashant","family":"Jaju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Rishiraj College of Dental Sciences & Research Centre, Bhopal 462036, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Friedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VELMENI Inc., 333 W Maude Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Briner Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, Kansas City School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, 650 East 25th Street, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxine","family":"Feinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VELMENI Inc., 333 W Maude Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mini","family":"Suri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VELMENI Inc., 333 W Maude Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Shan, T., Tay, F.R., and Gu, L. 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