{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:29:33Z","timestamp":1760146173744,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]],"date-time":"2024-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Shanghai Frontiers Research Center of the Hadal Biosphere","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82173731","81750110548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173731","81750110548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Fund for International Young Scientists","award":["82173731","81750110548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173731","81750110548"]}]},{"name":"SciTech Funding by CSPFTZ Lingang Special Area Marine Biomedical Innovation Platform","award":["82173731","81750110548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82173731","81750110548"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>As an essential thrombolytic agent, the tissue plasminogen activator receives increasing attention due to its longer half-life, lower immunogenicity, and easier administration, which are superior to other thrombolytic agents. In this study, the isolated and purified plasminogen activator from the sandworm (Perinereis\u00a0aibuhitensis) was expressed in E. coli (Escherichia\u00a0coli) to investigate its potential for simplifying the development process. The sandworm plasminogen activator was previously successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli with low yield and activity in the culture supernatant. This low yield and activity prompted us to optimize its DNA sequence. Furthermore, to raise the efficiency in the separation of the target protein, the protein\u2019s solubility was enhanced by fusing it with maltose-binding protein (MBP) tags. Eventually, the fibrinolytic activity was successfully restored after digestion with tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease. This study provides an innovative method of efficiently expressing and purifying plasminogen activators from sandworm in E. coli and broadens its applications in therapeutic treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including thrombosis, stroke, and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11101030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T09:14:48Z","timestamp":1729242888000},"page":"1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recombinant Plasminogen Activator of the Sandworm (Perinereis aibuhitensis) Expression in Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tuo","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1805-5408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaozhen","family":"Diao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solvo Biotherapeutics (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Block 6, No.999 Huanke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Boyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haixing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1710-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"},{"name":"Putuo Branch of International Combined Research Center for Marine Biological Sciences, Zhoushan 316104, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"930","article-title":"Effects of sand worm protease on platelet aggregation and blood rheology","volume":"18","author":"Bai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin. 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