{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T17:51:26Z","timestamp":1787680286504,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KSN2312022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSN2312022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003718","name":"Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HF23C0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HF23C0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003718","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare in Republic of Korea","award":["KSN2312022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSN2312022"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare in Republic of Korea","award":["HF23C0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HF23C0010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explored the relationship between cognitive function and the autonomic nervous system by categorizing participants into two groups based on their cognitive function scores in each domain of the SNSB-D: a High Cognitive Performance (HCP) group and a Low Cognitive Performance (LCP) group. We analyzed the Pulse Rate Variability (PRV) parameters for each group. Photoplethysmography (PPG) data were collected and processed to remove noise, and the PRV parameters in the time and frequency domains were extracted. To minimize the impact of age and years of education on the PRV parameters, we performed an adjusted analysis using a Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The analysis revealed that the autonomic nervous system, particularly the parasympathetic nervous system, was more activated in the LCP group compared to the HCP group. This finding suggests that in individuals with low cognitive function, the sympathetic nerves in the autonomic nervous system are less activated, so the parasympathetic nerves are relatively more activated. This study investigated the correlation between cognitive function and PRV parameters, highlighting the potential use of these parameters as indicators for the early diagnosis and classification of cognitive decline.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11111099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T09:49:14Z","timestamp":1730454554000},"page":"1099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association Between Cognitive Function and the Autonomic Nervous System by Photoplethysmography"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jaewook","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34504, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34504, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4144-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"KunHo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gwangju Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Dementias (GARD) Cohort Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2661-349X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeong-Woo","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34504, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0408-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaeuk U.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34504, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korean Convergence Medical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Study for the Countermeasures on Korea\u2019s Low Birth Rate and Aging Society","volume":"5","author":"Jung","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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