{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T22:05:14Z","timestamp":1790978714759,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biomechanical asymmetries between children\u2019s left and right feet can affect stability and coordination, especially during dynamic movements. This study aimed to examine plantar pressure distribution, foot balance, and center of pressure (COP) trajectories in children during walking, running, and turning activities to understand how different movements influence these asymmetries. Fifteen children participated in the study, using a FootScan plantar pressure plate to capture detailed pressure and balance data. The parameters, including time-varying forces, COP, and Foot Balance Index (FBI), were analyzed through a one-dimensional Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM1d) package. Results showed that asymmetries in COP and FBI became more pronounced, particularly during the tasks of running and directional turns. Regional plantar pressure analysis also revealed a more significant load on specific foot areas during these dynamic movements, indicating an increased reliance on one foot for stability and control. These findings suggest that early identification of asymmetrical loading patterns may be vital in promoting a balanced gait and preventing potential foot health issues in children. This study contributes to understanding pediatric foot biomechanics and provides insights for developing targeted interventions to support healthy physical development in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12020151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T05:50:36Z","timestamp":1738734636000},"page":"151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Bilateral Asymmetries of Plantar Pressure and Foot Balance During Walking, Running, and Turning Gait in Typically Developing Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8201 Veszprem, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haidan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2856-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yile","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6628-4409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanhui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4345-8201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixiang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endre","family":"J\u00e1nosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savaria Institute of Technology, Faculty of Informatics, E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University, 9700 Szombathely, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gusztav","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Science and Technology, AUDI Hung\u00e1ria Faculty of Vehicle Engineering, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, 9026 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1113-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qichang","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2187-9440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaodong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701211","article-title":"Incidence of foot and ankle injuries in west point cadets with pes planus compared to the general cadet population","volume":"27","author":"Levy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1080\/00140130902803549","article-title":"A new approach to children\u2019s footwear based on foot type classification","volume":"52","author":"Mauch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.52","article-title":"Foot morphology of normal, underweight and overweight children","volume":"32","author":"Mauch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. 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