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Cell-based or cell-biomaterial scaffold-based approaches have been popular in recent years as a major research direction for AMD; monotherapy with cell-based approaches typically involves subretinal injection of progenitor-derived or stem cell-derived RPE cells to restore retinal homeostasis. Meanwhile, cell-biomaterial scaffolds delivered to the lesion site by vector transplantation have been widely developed, and the implanted cell-biomaterial scaffolds can promote the reintegration of cells at the lesion site and solve the problems of translocation and discrete cellular structure produced by cell injection. While these therapeutic strategies demonstrate preliminary efficacy, rigorous preclinical validation and clinical trials remain imperative to validate their long-term safety, functional durability, and therapeutic consistency. This review synthesizes current advancements and translational challenges in cell-based and cell-biomaterial scaffold approaches for AMD, aiming to inform future development of targeted interventions for AMD pathogenesis and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12030278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T08:59:52Z","timestamp":1741683592000},"page":"278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Advances in the Study of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Based on Cell or Cell-Biomaterial Scaffolds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ziming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.335692","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived mononuclear stem cells in the treatment of retinal degenerations","volume":"17","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Regen. 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