{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T22:40:57Z","timestamp":1778884857492,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2023-149353OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-149353OB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hallux limitus pathology is defined as a limitation of the dorsiflexion movement of the first toe without degenerative involvement of the first metatarsophalangeal joint, which produces pain and generates functional impairment, especially in the propulsive phase of gait. It is very common to find this pathology in adulthood accompanied by other compensations at a biomechanical level as a consequence of blockage of the main pivot in the sagittal plane. The aim was to determine the symmetry index that occurs in dynamics affiliated with other gait parameters in subjects with and without hallux limitus. A total of 70 subjects were part of the sample, and these were separated into two groups, each consisting of 35 subjects, depending on whether they had bilateral hallux limitus or if they were healthy subjects. In this study, a platform was used to assess the load symmetry index and walking phases. The results showed significant differences in the symmetry index for lateral load (p = 0.023), the initial contact phase (p = 0.003), and the flatfoot phase (p &lt; 0.001). The adults who had bilateral hallux limitus exhibited changes in the symmetry index during the lateral load as well as in the initial contact and flatfoot contact phases, demonstrating increased instability when compared to individuals with normal feet.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12030298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T13:07:51Z","timestamp":1741957671000},"page":"298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Hallux Limitus: Exploring the Variability in Lower Limb Symmetry and Its Connection to Gait Parameters\u2014A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4316-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Tovaruela Carri\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7588-2069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta Elena","family":"Losa-Iglesias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorc\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9818-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Industrial Campus of Ferrol, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, 15403 Ferrol, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9053-7730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"G\u00f3mez-Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, Universidad de Huelva, 21004 Huelva, Spain"},{"name":"Safety and Health Postgraduate Program, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo, Guayaquil 092301, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Bayod-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering Group (AMB), Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomec\u00e1nica en Red CIBER-BBN, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"A comprehensive review of hallux limitus","volume":"23","author":"Drago","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. 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