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With Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), GISTs can appear similar to other tumors. This study introduces a lightweight convolutional neural network model optimized for the classification of GISTs and leiomyomas using EUS images only. Models are constructed based on a dataset that comprises 13277 augmented grayscale images derived from 703 patients, ensuring a balanced representation between GIST and leiomyoma cases. The optimized model architecture includes seven convolutional units followed by fully connected layers. After being trained and evaluated with a 5-fold cross-validation, the optimized model achieves an average validation accuracy of 96.2%. The model achieved a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 97.7%, 94.7%, 94.6%, and 97.7%, respectively, and significantly outperformed endoscopists\u2019 assessments. The study highlights the model\u2019s robustness and consistency. Our results suggest that instead of using developed deep models with fine-tuning, lightweight models with their simpler designs may grasp the essence and drop speckle noise. A lightweight model as a hypothesis with fewer model parameters is preferable to a deeper model with 10 times the model parameters according to Occam\u2019s razor statement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12040381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T06:52:56Z","timestamp":1743749576000},"page":"381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Lightweight Machine Learning Model for High Precision Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Identification"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China"},{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiwen","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7484-6901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300203, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"},{"name":"Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6105-6484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Gastrointestinal Pacemaker Cell Tumor (GIPACT): Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Show Phenotypic Characteristics of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal","volume":"152","author":"Kindblom","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. 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