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However, the characterization of brain connectivity behind this impairment remains uncertain. This study investigates attention-related brain connectivity in 92 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and 78 healthy controls using a 32-channel EEG monitor during an attention network test. Compared to controls, patients showed reduced temporal\u2013occipital connectivity in the alerting and orienting networks, but increased frontal\u2013occipital connectivity in the executive network. Additionally, this study showed that patients and healthy individuals exhibited similar network topologies in the alerting and orienting networks, but the executive networks in patients showed altered topology properties, with a larger clustering coefficient in the theta band and a longer characteristic path length in the delta and theta bands. These findings reveal distinct characteristics of attention network connectivity in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, offering valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of epilepsy and providing clinical guidance for long-term monitoring and intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12040387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T06:52:56Z","timestamp":1743749576000},"page":"387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Altered Effective Connectivity of the Attentional Network in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with EEG Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019 an 710119, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi\u2019 an, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019 an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haojun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruochen","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019 an 710119, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi\u2019 an, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019 an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingliang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019 an 710119, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi\u2019 an, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019 an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7658-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4826-2408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Quan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging Technology, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019 an 710119, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Biomedical Spectroscopy of Xi\u2019 an, Xi\u2019an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics (XIOPM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi\u2019 an 710119, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17165","article-title":"The global cost of epilepsy: A systematic review and extrapolation","volume":"63","author":"Begley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20872","article-title":"Cognitive prognosis in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"60","author":"Hermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. 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