{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T06:49:04Z","timestamp":1789714144882,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although the existence of highly prevalent pain, disability, and work time lost associated with discogenic low back pain is well known, the recognition of the culpability of universally present disc degradation and mechanical insufficiency in the first three decades of life is often overlooked. There is a corresponding \u201ctreatment gap\u201d and no current interventions with demonstrated capabilities to address the pain and resist the usual progression of increasing structural failure of spinal tissues with increasing levels of pain and disability. This narrative review summarizes more than forty years of the literature describing the pathomechanics of progressive degradation of lumbar discs, with a focus on studies that implicate an increasing mechanical insufficiency in the etiology of early-stage chronic and recurrent discogenic low back pain. Topics highlighted in this review include the deleterious biological changes that begin soon after birth, stress intensification due to the loss of fluid phase load support, fatigue weakening and damage accumulation in non-regenerative tissue, disc tears, segmental instability, and the timeline for first incidence of chronic low back pain. The review concludes with preferred treatment characteristics and a brief summary of emerging treatment approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12040389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T11:24:39Z","timestamp":1744025079000},"page":"389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Pathomechanics of Early-Stage Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degradation Leading to Discogenic Pain\u2014A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0301-3707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Hedman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"F. Joseph Halcomb III, M.D. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40513, USA"},{"name":"Spinal Simplicity LLC, Overland Park, KS 66211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spinal Simplicity LLC, Overland Park, KS 66211, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2724","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000146049.52152.da","article-title":"Mechanical conditions that accelerate intervertebral disc degeneration: Overload versus immobilization","volume":"29","author":"Stokes","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20141191","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.1191","article-title":"Inflammation in intervertebral disc degeneration and regeneration","volume":"12","author":"Molinos","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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