{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:15:39Z","timestamp":1760058939044,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University","award":["P0053711","2022YFC360170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0053711","2022YFC360170"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&amp;D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P0053711","2022YFC360170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0053711","2022YFC360170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Key Discipline of Rehabilitation Engineering","award":["P0053711","2022YFC360170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P0053711","2022YFC360170"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine that can lead to a series of physical and psychological problems. Appropriate controlling forces should be applied to prevent the curve\u2019s progression and even correct the deformity. The aims of this study were to develop a biomechanical model that can quickly estimate the optimal positions and magnitudes of the controlling forces for treating scoliosis and to analyze the interaction between longitudinal traction and lateral forces. Based on the scoliotic curve information that was extracted and simulated from the computed tomography data of patients, a mathematical model of scoliosis was established via the Timoshenko beam theory. The model could be optimized to provide precise and effective treatment for patients with different scoliosis curve patterns. The relationship between the corrective force position, magnitude, and the treatment effect on scoliosis could be obtained using this model. This study provides a biomechanical theoretical basis for determining the magnitude, position, and sequence of applying controlling forces on spines for patients with scoliosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12050509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T10:58:07Z","timestamp":1747047487000},"page":"509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Mathematical Analysis of a Biomechanical Model for an Innovative Spinal Decompression and Correction System for the Conservative Treatment of Scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Jie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medical Engineering, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, 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China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man-Sang","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5404-4098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6507-2329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina Zong-Hao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Research Institute for Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6027-4594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"},{"name":"Research Institute for Sports Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-007-2016-5","article-title":"Scoliosis: A 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