{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:16:59Z","timestamp":1760059019912,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M761525","2024L004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M761525","2024L004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics and Exercise Rehabilitation","award":["2024M761525","2024L004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M761525","2024L004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The surface properties of the running surface have an effect on physiological and biomechanical responses to exercise, but their influence on body composition, blood pressure, and knee joint kinetics during controlled sports loading is less researched. This study compared the effects of treadmill running (TR) and overground running (OR) on acute physiological and biomechanical adaptation in ten male athletes aged between 23 and 26 years old following a 30 min protocol at 75% VO2max. Pre- and post-running body composition (fat volume, protein content, and fluid distribution), blood pressure, and knee joint kinetics (total work of muscle extensors\u2014TWMEs) were assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, blood pressure monitor, and isokinetic dynamometry. The results indicated that TR led to highly significant reductions in protein content with a considerable accumulation of intracellular fluid. At the same time, TR reduced knee TWME by 27.4%, and OR elevated TWME by 5.6%. No significant differences in blood pressure were observed. These findings highlight surface-specific metabolic stress and biomechanical loading patterns and show that TR augments catabolic responses and knee joint strain despite equivalent external workloads.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12050534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T05:11:57Z","timestamp":1747372317000},"page":"534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Influence of Running Surface Differences on Physiological and Biomechanical Responses During Specific Sports Loading"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Shuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Sport and Health, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 250102, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7090-9610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Te","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufei","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315010, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.04.033","article-title":"Effect of running exercise on the number of the neurons in the hippocampus of young transgenic APP\/PS1 mice","volume":"1692","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.08.001","article-title":"Effects of Running on Chronic Diseases and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality","volume":"90","author":"Lavie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. 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