{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T11:23:16Z","timestamp":1768821796862,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province, China","award":["2023CXGC010508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023CXGC010508"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The clinical efficacy of inhalation therapy in chronic respiratory diseases is fundamentally constrained by particle deposition patterns. This study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology (RSM) to elucidate the mechanistic interplay of deposition determinants through multifactorial sensitivity mapping. The study comprises two key components: (i) the development of an accurate three-dimensional respiratory airway model spanning from the oral cavity to the fifth-generation bronchi and (ii) the integration of a Box\u2013Behnken Design (BBD) experimental framework with computational fluid dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we developed a multifactorial regression model to analyze the synergistic interactions among deposition determinants. The study demonstrated a positive correlation between breath-holding time and drug deposition efficiency, revealing a hierarchical order of critical parameters: peak flow rate &gt; breath-holding time &gt; particle diameter. These findings have important implications for optimizing respiratory drug delivery strategies in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12060643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T03:59:17Z","timestamp":1749700757000},"page":"643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mechanistic Analysis of Fluid Dynamics and Multifactorial Impact Mechanisms in Inhaled Pharmaceutical Deposition for Chronic Respiratory Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fuli","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songhua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianliang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13633","article-title":"On behalf the COPD Assembly of the APSR. 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