{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:10:18Z","timestamp":1791342618482,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program on Agricultural and Rural Transformation for Nutrition, Entrepreneurship and Resilience in Bangladesh (PARTNER)-APCU, BARC, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, New Airport Road, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215","award":["PARTNER\/APCU-BARC 02\/HRD\/2024\/673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PARTNER\/APCU-BARC 02\/HRD\/2024\/673"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Feeding a growing global population requires sustainable, innovative, and cost-effective solutions, especially in light of the environmental damage and nutrient imbalances caused by excessive chemical fertilizer use. Microalgae have gained prominence due to their phylogenetic diversity, physiological adaptability, eco-compatible characteristics, and potential to support regenerative agriculture and mitigate climate change. Functioning as biofertilizers, biostimulants, and bioremediators, microalgae accelerate nutrient cycling, improve soil aggregation through extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), and stimulate rhizospheric microbial diversity. Empirical studies demonstrate their ability to increase crop yields by 5\u201325%, reduce chemical nitrogen inputs by up to 50%, and boost both organic carbon content and enzymatic activity in soils. Their application in saline and degraded lands further promotes resilience and ecological regeneration. Microalgal cultivation platforms offer scalable in situ carbon sequestration, converting atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) into biomass with potential downstream vaporization into biofuels, bioplastics, and biochar, aligning with circular economy principles. While the commercial viability of microalgae is challenged by high production costs, technical complexities, and regulatory gaps, recent breakthroughs in cultivation systems, biorefinery integration, and strain optimization highlight promising pathways forward. This review highlights the strategic importance of microalgae in enhancing climate resilience, promoting agricultural sustainability, restoring soil health, and driving global bioeconomic transformation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12090909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T07:30:29Z","timestamp":1756107029000},"page":"909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Microalgae: Green Engines for Achieving Carbon Sequestration, Circular Economy, and Environmental Sustainability\u2014A Review Based on Last Ten Years of Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6069-6452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Muzammal","family":"Hoque","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"},{"name":"Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Iannelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"},{"name":"AlgaeBioMed srl, via Luigi Kossuth 7, 00149 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Padula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Science (DiSBA), University of Basilicata, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"},{"name":"Bioinnova srls, via Ponte Nove Luci 22, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa Paola","family":"Radice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Science (DiSBA), University of Basilicata, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"},{"name":"Bioinnova srls, via Ponte Nove Luci 22, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biplob Kumar","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Martelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Applied Science (DiSBA), University of Basilicata, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8610-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Scopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0403-7014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marios","family":"Drosos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell\u2019Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01410-w","article-title":"Strategies for Feeding the World More Sustainably with Organic Agriculture","volume":"8","author":"Muller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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