{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:54:18Z","timestamp":1769043258307,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Diaspective Vision"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Biliary complications (BC) affect 5\u201332% of liver transplant (LT) patients and include strictures, leaks, stones, and disease recurrence. Their risk increases with extended criteria donor (ECD) livers, contributing to early graft dysfunction. Normothermic liver machine perfusion (NLMP) helps reduce bile duct (BD) damage overall, but anastomotic region issues persist. This study assessed hyperspectral imaging (HSI) as a non-invasive method to evaluate BD viability during NLMP. Methods: Eleven donor livers underwent NLMP with HSI at the start and end. Seven were transplanted; four were discarded. HSI measured tissue oxygenation, perfusion, and composition. The spectral data were analyzed using ANOVA, post hoc t-tests, and multifactorial ANOVA to assess spectral changes related to BD position, transplant status, and occurrence of BC. Results: Significant spectral changes were found in the BD region during NLMP. Transplanted livers that developed BC showed changes between 525 and 850 nm, while discarded ones had changes between 625 and 725 nm. Specific spectral bands (500\u2013575 nm, 775\u20131000 nm) were linked to transplant outcomes and BC. Conclusions: HSI shows promise as a non-invasive tool to assess BD viability during NLMP and may help predict post-transplant BC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12090966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T12:04:55Z","timestamp":1757505895000},"page":"966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spectral Analysis of Extrahepatic Bile Ducts During Normothermic Liver Machine Perfusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6543-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Zelger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Hearing, Speech, and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Jenewein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, OrganLifeTM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Sovago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, OrganLifeTM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6395-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix J.","family":"Krendl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, OrganLifeTM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4732-4374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andras T.","family":"Meszaros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, OrganLifeTM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benno","family":"Cardini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, OrganLifeTM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1761-555X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Gehwolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, OrganLifeTM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-213X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes D.","family":"Pallua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3021-1656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Hearing, Speech, and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2619-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Schneeberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, OrganLifeTM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margot","family":"Fodor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Hearing, Speech, and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rupert","family":"Oberhuber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Hearing, Speech, and Voice Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, OrganLifeTM, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i19.2841","article-title":"Biliary complications following liver transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Kochhar","year":"2013","journal-title":"World J. 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