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C. Wong Magna Fund at Ningbo University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI), a common outcome of ankle sprains, involves recurrent sprains, balance deficits, and gait impairments linked to both peripheral and central neuromuscular dysfunction. Dual-task (DT) demands further aggravate postural control, especially during stair descent, a major source of fall-related injuries. Yet the biomechanical mechanisms of stair-to-ground transition in CAI under dual-task conditions remain poorly understood. (2) Methods: Sixty individuals with CAI and age- and sex-matched controls performed stair-to-ground transitions under single- and dual-task conditions. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, center of pressure (COP) metrics, ankle inversion angle, and relative joint work contributions (Ankle%, Knee%, Hip%) were obtained using 3D motion capture, a force plate, and musculoskeletal modeling. Correlation and regression analyses assessed the relationships between ankle contributions, postural stability, and proximal joint compensations. (3) Results: Compared with the controls, the CAI group demonstrated marked control deficits during the single task (ST), characterized by reduced gait speed, increased step width, elevated mediolateral COP root mean square (COP-ml RMS), and abnormal ankle inversion and joint kinematics; these impairments were exacerbated under DT conditions. Individuals with CAI exhibited a significantly reduced ankle plantarflexion moment and energy contribution (Ankle%), accompanied by compensatory increases in knee and hip contributions. Regression analyses indicated that Ankle% significantly predicted COP-ml RMS and gait speed (GS), highlighting the pivotal role of ankle function in maintaining dynamic stability. Furthermore, CAI participants adopted a \u201cposture-first\u201d strategy under DT, with concurrent deterioration in gait and cognitive performance, reflecting strong reliance on attentional resources. (4) Conclusions: CAI involves global control deficits, including distal insufficiency, proximal compensation, and an inefficient energy distribution, which intensify under dual-task conditions. As the ankle is central to lower-limb kinetics, its dysfunction induces widespread instability. Rehabilitation should therefore target coordinated lower-limb training and progressive dual-task integration to improve motor control and dynamic stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12101120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T08:18:54Z","timestamp":1760948334000},"page":"1120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Control Deficits and Compensatory Mechanisms in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability During Dual-Task Stair-to-Ground Transition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yilin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanzhen","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Datao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mon\u00e8m","family":"Jemni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Centre for Mental Health Research in Association with the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK"},{"name":"The Carrick Institute, Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6138-8382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guszt\u00e1v","family":"Fekete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, AUDI Hungaria Faculty of Engineering, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, H-9026 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7634-5668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7438-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBET.2024.138706","article-title":"Can running technique modification benefit patellofemoral pain improvement in runners? 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