{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T16:32:45Z","timestamp":1772555565047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R15EB033752-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R15EB033752-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Current synthetic small-diameter vascular grafts fail frequently due to anastomotic hyperplasia and thrombosis caused by mechanical mismatch and incomplete reendothelialization. Polydioxanone near-field electrospun (NFES) vascular templates feature programmable pore sizes to facilitate transmural ingrowth of endothelial cells and show promise in reducing mechanical mismatch, but their potential as drug delivery systems remains unexplored. It was hypothesized that Manuka honey incorporation in NFES templates could reduce neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release but decrease mechanical strength. (2) Templates were fabricated using 90 mg\/mL polydioxanone in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP) and Manuka honey concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 1%, and 10% v\/v. Wall thickness (197\u2013236 \u03bcm), mechanical properties, Manuka honey elution, and NET release were quantified. (3) The 0.1% and 1% templates best mimicked native vessel mechanics, outperforming the pure HFP template in tensile strength and burst pressure. The 10% templates exhibited significant mechanical strength reductions. Manuka honey elution exhibited a burst release within the first three hours, and all honey was eluted by day three. NET release was elevated in 10% and control groups but was not significantly different from 0.1% and 1%. (4) Overall, low concentrations of Manuka honey maintained mechanical compatibility, but elution must be optimized for immunomodulation, rejecting the initial hypothesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12111270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T11:17:27Z","timestamp":1763551047000},"page":"1270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immunomodulation and Mechanical Characterization of Manuka Honey-Incorporated Near-Field Electrospun Bioresorbable Vascular Grafts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5739-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra E.","family":"Snyder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5527-4939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan N.","family":"Main","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0917-8203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary L.","family":"Bowlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.1288","article-title":"The Heart of the World","volume":"19","author":"Perel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Heart"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, November 15). What Is Atherosclerosis?, Available online: https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/atherosclerosis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(93)90345-M","article-title":"Limitations of peroneal artery bypass grafting for limb salvage","volume":"18","author":"Elliott","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Altshuler, P., Nahirniak, P., and Welle, N.J. (2023). Saphenous Vein Grafts, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saito, J., Kaneko, M., Ishikawa, Y., and Yokoyama, U. (2021). Challenges and Possibilities of Cell-Based Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts. Cyborg Bionic Syst., 2021.","DOI":"10.34133\/2021\/1532103"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"100","article-title":"Small-Diameter Vascular Graft Prostheses: Current Status","volume":"106","author":"Bos","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Metab. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Zhang, D., Wu, L.-P., and Zhao, M. (2023). Current Strategies for Engineered Vascular Grafts and Vascularized Tissue Engineering. Polymers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15092015"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(99)70046-7","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of externally supported Dacron and polytetrafluoroethylene prosthetic bypasses for femorofemoral and axillofemoral artrerial reconstructions","volume":"30","author":"Johnson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3109\/03009731003678562","article-title":"Patency rate and complications of polytetrafluoroethylen grafts compared with polyurethane grafts for hemodialysis","volume":"115","author":"Ravari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Upsala J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6b00220","article-title":"Biomaterials and Modifications in the Development of Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts","volume":"3","author":"Hiob","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(89)90073-6","article-title":"Mechanisms of graft failure","volume":"9","author":"Bush","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1106\/NA5T-J57A-JTDD-FD04","article-title":"The Mechanical Behavior of Vascular Grafts: A Review","volume":"15","author":"Salacinski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Appl."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.18-0287","article-title":"Concise Review: Patency of Small-Diameter Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts: A Meta-Analysis of Preclinical Trials","volume":"8","author":"Skovrind","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2018.03.022","article-title":"Prolonged operative duration is associated with complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"229","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2012.06.006","article-title":"Vascular endothelium, hemodynamics, and the pathobiology of atherosclerosis","volume":"22","author":"Gimbrone","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lau, S., Gossen, M., and Lendlein, A. (2021). Designing Cardiovascular Implants Taking in View the Endothelial Basement Membrane. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222313120"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.10.020","article-title":"Successful endothelialization and remodeling of a cell-free small-diameter arterial graft in a large animal model","volume":"76","author":"Kabootian","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2007.07.017","article-title":"Prosthetic vascular grafts: Wrong models, wrong questions and no healing","volume":"28","author":"Zilla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197201000-00018","article-title":"Healing of Arterial Prostheses in Man: Its Incompleteness","volume":"175","author":"Berger","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S.-E., Jeong, S.I., Shim, K.-M., Jang, K., Park, J.S., Lim, Y.M., and Kang, S.S. (2022). In Vivo Evaluation of Gamma-Irradiated and Heparin-Immobilized Small-Diameter Polycaprolactone Vascular Grafts With VEGF in Aged Rats. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14061265"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.10.038","article-title":"Transmural Ingrowth is essential for confluent vascular graft healing","volume":"65","author":"Pennel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2012.11.093","article-title":"Differentiating transmural from transanastomotic prosthetic graft endothelialization throuh an isolation loop-graft model","volume":"58","author":"Pennel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.01.045","article-title":"Arterial grafts exhibiting unprecedented cellular infiltration and remodeling in vivo: The role of cells in the vasclar wall","volume":"50","author":"Row","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"0003","DOI":"10.34133\/bmef.0003","article-title":"Vascular grafts: Technology Success\/Technology Failure","volume":"4","author":"Ratner","year":"2023","journal-title":"BME Front."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"895","article-title":"Development of a \u201cleak-proof,\u201d knitted Dacron vascular prosthesis","volume":"3","author":"Moore","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Vasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitridge, R., and Thompson, M. (2011). Graft materials past and future. Mechanisms of Vascular Disease: A Reference Book for Vascular Specialists, The University of Adelaide Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/UPO9781922064004"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(89)90034-3","article-title":"Effect of preclotting on the porosity and thrombogenicity of knitted Dacron\u00ae grafts","volume":"10","author":"Sheehan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01861.x","article-title":"Fibrin structure and wound healing","volume":"4","author":"Laurens","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)61661-X","article-title":"A Technique for Preclotting Vascular Grafts","volume":"29","author":"Glynn","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63083-4","article-title":"Biological Sealants and Knitted Dacron: Porosity and Histological Comparisons of Vascular Graft Materials with and without Collagen and Fibrin Glue Pretreatments","volume":"41","author":"Jonas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann. Thorac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2020.07.016","article-title":"Compliance of Textile Vascular Prostheses Is a Fleeting Reality","volume":"60","author":"Lucereau","year":"2020","journal-title":"European J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2019.01.002","article-title":"Electrospun polymer biomaterials","volume":"90","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3886(95)00041-8","article-title":"Electrospinning process and applications of electrospun fibers","volume":"32","author":"Doshi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Electrost."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.3390\/polym2040522","article-title":"The Use of Natural Polymers in Tissue Engineering: A Focus on Electrospun Extracellular Matrix Analogues","volume":"2","author":"Sell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500162","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202500162","article-title":"Electrospinning and Nanofiber Technology: Fundamentals, Innovations, and Applications","volume":"37","author":"Cho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.05.019","article-title":"Functional porous hydrogels to study angiogenesis under the effect of controlled released of vascular endothelial growth factor","volume":"8","author":"Oliviero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.03.025","article-title":"The effect of scaffold macroporousity on angiogenesis and cell survival in tissue-engineered smooth muscle","volume":"35","author":"Walthers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiao, X., Wang, W., Liu, D., Zhang, H., Gao, P., Yuan, Y., Lu, Y., Lu, J., and Wang, Z. (2015). The promotion of angiogenesis induced by three-dimensional porous beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffold with different interconnection sizes via activation of PI3K\/Akt pathways. Sci. Rep., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep09409"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King, W.E., and Bowlin, G.L. (2021). Mechanical characterization and neutrophil NETs response of a novel hybrid geometry polydioxanone near-field electrospun scaffold. Biomed. Mater., 16.","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac1e43"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/14\/10\/310","article-title":"A scanning tip electrospinning source for deposition of oriented nanofibres","volume":"14","author":"Kameoka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1021\/nl0602701","article-title":"Near-Field Electrospinning","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.1c00944","article-title":"Near-Field Electrospinning: Crucial Parameters, Challenges, and Applications","volume":"5","author":"Nazemi","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snyder, A.E., Sandridge, J.K., Nordmoe, A.E., Main, E.N., and Bowlin, G.L. (2024). Fabrication and mechanical characterization of near field electrospun bioresorbable vascular grafts with fibrous architecture mimicking the arterial extracellular matrix. J. Bioact. Compat. Polym., 39.","DOI":"10.1177\/08839115241262038"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaw8682","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw8682","article-title":"Bioengineered human blood vessels","volume":"370","author":"Niklason","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2012.0383","article-title":"Neutrophils and Wound Repair: Positive Actions and Negative Reactions","volume":"2","author":"Wilgus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0205","article-title":"Clinical and Experimental Pancreatic Islet Transplantation to Striated Muscle: Establishment of a Vascular System Similar to That in Native Islets","volume":"59","author":"Christoffersson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Kill Bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.116.307634","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote Angiogenesis","volume":"36","author":"Aldabbous","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa, A.B., and Barbosa, J.N. (2023). The Role of Neutrophils in Biomaterial-Based Tissue Repair--Shifting Paradigms. J. Funct. Biomater., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb14060327"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.teb.2021.0013","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: Inflammation and Biomaterial Preconditioning for Tissue Engineering","volume":"28","author":"Fetz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbw041","article-title":"An overview of the role of neutrophils in innate immunity, inflammation and host-biomaterial integration","volume":"4","author":"Selders","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60737-5","article-title":"Stem-cell-based, tissue engineered tracheal replacement in a child: A 2-year follow-up study","volume":"380","author":"Elliott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000163262.83456.6d","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase and cardiovascular disease","volume":"25","author":"Nicholls","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arter. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Main, E.N., and Bowlin, G.L. (2022). Potential for Manuka honey-inspired therapeutics to improve the host\u2013biomaterial response. MedComm\u2014Biomater. Appl., 1.","DOI":"10.1002\/mba2.18"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minden-Birkenmaier, B.A., and Bowlin, G.L. (2018). Honey-Based Templates in Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering5020046"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minden-Birkenmaier, B.A., Smith, R.A., Radic, M.Z., van der Merwe, M., and Bowlin, G.L. (2020). Manuka Honey Reduces NETosis on an Electrospun Template Within a Therapeutic Window. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12061430"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Main, E.N., Huang, J.C., and Bowlin, G.L. (2024). Methyl Syringate: A Primary Driving Factor in Manuka Honeys Ability to Ameliorate Neutrophil Intracellular ROS Activity and NETosis. Front. Biosci. Landmark, 29.","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2907255"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King III, W.E., Gillespie, Y., Gilbert, K., and Bowlin, G.L. (2019). Characterization of Polydioxanone in Near-Field Electrospinning. Polymers, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12010001"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huling, J., Gotz, A., Grabow, N., and Illner, S. (2022). GIFT: An Image J macro for automated fiber diameter quantification. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275528"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"King, W.E., and Bowlin, G.L. (2022). Near-field electrospinning of polydioxanone small diameter vascular graft scaffolds. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater., 130.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2022.105207"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2008.11.011","article-title":"Mechanical Properties of completely autologous human tissue engineered blood vessels compared to human saphenous vein and mammary artery","volume":"30","author":"Konig","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"2","article-title":"Development of Novel, Bioresorbable, Small-Diameter Electrospun Vascular Grafts","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Tissue Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Camas\u00e3o, D.B., and Mantaovani, D. (2021). The mechanical characterization of blood vessels and their substitutes in the continuous quest ofr physiological-relevant performances. A critical reveiw. Mater. Today Bio, 10.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2021.100106"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamedani, B.A., Navidbakhsh, M., and Tafti, H.A. (2012). Comparison between mechanical properties of human saphenous vein and umbililcal vein. Biomed. Eng. OnLine, 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-11-59"},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"(1994). Cardiovascular implants-Vascular Graft Prostheses (Standard No. ANSI\/AAMI VP20:1994)."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fetz, A.E., Wallace, S.E., and Bowlin, G.L. (2021). Electrospun Polydioxanone Loaded With Chloroquine Modulates Template-Induced NET Release and Inflammatory Responses From Human Neutrophils. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.652055"},{"key":"ref_67","first-page":"155892501501000406","article-title":"Preliminary Investigation and Characterization of Electrospun Polycaprolactone and Manuka Honey Scaffolds for Dermal Repair","volume":"10","author":"Neuhalfen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Eng. Fibers Fabr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2016.0452","article-title":"Electrospun Template Architecture and Composition Regulate Neutrophil NETosis In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"23","author":"Fetz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Radic, M., and Neeli, I. (2013). Opposition between PKC isoforms regulates histone deimination and neutrophil extracellular chromatin release. Front. Immunol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00038"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1811-0_38","article-title":"Methods for Quantifying Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Biomaterials","volume":"Volume 2394","author":"Rasooly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedical Engineering Technologies"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roudier, G., Hourques, M., Da Silva, N., Gluais, M., Binyet, E., Olive, J.M., and L\u2019Heureux, N. (2023). Effects of weaving parameters on the properties of completely biological tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Biofabrication, 16.","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ad0d14"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.27185","article-title":"Design, synthesis, and characterization of polymer-hydrogel composite vascular grafts using double-expanded polytetrafluoroethylene to achieve enhanced mechanical and biological properties","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2023.138060","article-title":"An updated review of functional ingredients of Manuka honey and their value-added innovations","volume":"440","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3250","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.9b03921","article-title":"Impacts of Solvents on the Stability of the Biomass-Derived Sugars and Furans","volume":"34","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Fuels"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1021\/acscentsci.7b00532","article-title":"Chemoselective Aliphatic C\u2013H Bond Oxidation Enabled by Polarity Reversal","volume":"3","author":"Dantignana","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Cent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5701223","article-title":"Dynamics of Neutrophil Infiltration during Cutaneous Wound Healing and Infection Using Fluorescence Imaging","volume":"128","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-06-290171","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase is required for neutrophil extracellular trap formation: Implications for innate immunity","volume":"117","author":"Metzler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Tigner, A., Ibrahim, S.A., and Murray, I.V. (2025). Histology, White Blood Cell. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing LLC.. StatPearls Publishing Copyright \u00a9 2025."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5487\/TR.2014.30.3.193","article-title":"Methylglyoxal Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Death in Liver","volume":"30","author":"Seo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Res."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12987-023-00477-6","article-title":"Methylglyoxal, a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, as a threat for blood brain barrier integrity","volume":"20","author":"Berends","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panasenko, O.M., Ivanov, V.A., Mikhalchik, E.V., Gorduko, I.V., Grigorieva, D.V., Basyreva, L.Y., Shmeleva, E.V., Gusev, S.A., Kostevich, V.A., and Gorbunov, N.P. (2022). Methylglyoxal-Modified Human Serum Albumin Binds to Leukocyte Myeloperoxidase and Inhibits its Enzymatic Activity. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112263"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.013912","article-title":"Formation of Fructose-Mediated Advanced Glycation End Products and Their Roles in Metabolic and Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"8","author":"Gugliucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1002\/star.19900420808","article-title":"5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). A review focussing on its manufacture","volume":"42","author":"Kuster","year":"1990","journal-title":"Starch-St\u00e4rke"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.201700569","article-title":"Hexafluoroisopropanol as a Low-Boiling Extraction Solvent for 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Production","volume":"6","author":"Weingart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Energy Technol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065-018-0408-3","article-title":"5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) levels in honey and other food products: Effects on bees and human health","volume":"12","author":"Shapla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Cent. J."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/12\/11\/1270\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T05:22:51Z","timestamp":1763702571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/12\/11\/1270"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering12111270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering12111270","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]]}}}