{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T05:29:18Z","timestamp":1765344558589,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rice husks, wastes from rice production, are expected to be useful as a phosphorus recovery material. While rice husks could be used for phosphorus recovery as they are, there is potential to increase their phosphorus recovery capacity by diopside conversion. This is because diopside is one of the silica-based biomaterials that has the characteristic of precipitating calcium phosphate from aqueous solutions containing phosphorus, such as body fluids. In this study, diopside was synthesized by immersing Aichi no Kaori rice husks in a Ca\u2013Mg aqueous solution followed by calcination. The diopside content of resulting compound was 12%. Phosphorus recovery by the diopside-containing compound was confirmed. Given the diopside content in the compound, it was considered possible that components other than diopside might also be contributing to the phosphorous recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12121339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T16:20:29Z","timestamp":1765210829000},"page":"1339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preparation of Diopside-Rich Compounds Using Rice Husks and Their Phosphorus Recovery Capability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ryotaro","family":"Seki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Chukyo University, 101-2 Yagoto Honmachi, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiyu","family":"Naka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Chukyo University, 101-2 Yagoto Honmachi, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryouta","family":"Umebayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Chukyo University, 101-2 Yagoto Honmachi, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Teraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Nonami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Chukyo University, 101-2 Yagoto Honmachi, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Strength of mortar made with rice husk ash cement","volume":"210","author":"Ishiguro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans. Jpn. Soc. Irrig. Drain. Reclam Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2025, April 07). Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Available online: https:\/\/www.maff.go.jp\/j\/tokei\/sihyo\/data\/06.html."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2022.104086","article-title":"Rice husk silica as a sustainable filler in the tire industry","volume":"15","author":"Chundawat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab. J. Chem."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/JERA.32.25","article-title":"Chemical composition and physical characteristics of rice husk ash blended cement","volume":"32","author":"Raheem","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng Res. Afr."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2007.06.011","article-title":"Rice husk ash blended cement: Assessment of optimal level of replacement for strength and permeability properties of concrete","volume":"22","author":"Ganesan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Constr. Buil. Mater."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"(2025, April 07). Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council, Available online: https:\/\/www.affrc.maff.go.jp\/docs\/ibunya\/pdf\/ibunya_senryaku_4.pdf."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1179\/cmq.1997.36.5.355","article-title":"Formation of silicon carbide from rice hulls","volume":"36","author":"Moustafa","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can. Metall. Q."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Barati, M., Larbi, K.K., Roy, R., Lakshmanan, V.I., and Sridhar, R. (2011). Production of High Purity Silicon from Amorphous Silica. (WO2011022817A1), Patent."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-008-0142-y","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of zeolite NaY from rice husk silica","volume":"25","author":"Wittayakun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2025, April 07). Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Available online: https:\/\/www.maff.go.jp\/j\/shokusan\/biomass\/b_kihonho\/PDF\/attach\/pdf\/keikaku_sakutei-30.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.126802","article-title":"Preparation and application of novel rice husk biochar\u2013calcite composites for phosphate removal from aqueous medium","volume":"299","author":"Ramola","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1557\/PROC-252-87","article-title":"Developmental study of diopside for use as implant material","volume":"252","author":"Nonami","year":"1991","journal-title":"MRS Online Proc. Libr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2004.01.007","article-title":"Sintering behavior and apatite formation of diopside prepared by coprecipitation process","volume":"34","author":"Iwata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.2109\/jcersj.103.703","article-title":"Synthesis of diopside by alkoxide method and coating on titanium","volume":"103","author":"Nonami","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Ceram. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.14723\/tmrsj.44.17","article-title":"Diopside synthesized by sol-gel method as phosphorus adsorption material: Evaluation of apatite deposition in pseudo body solution","volume":"44","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans. Mater. Res. Soc. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s13738-023-02962-z","article-title":"Diopside nanoparticles from rice husk ash: Green synthesis, characterization and investigation of congo red dye removal, antibacterial properties, and Biginelli catalytic reaction (statistical approach to optimize parameters)","volume":"21","author":"Shahbazarab","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Iran. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_17","unstructured":"Nagar, R. (2011). Preparation of Diopside by Novel Sol-Gel Method Using Rice Husk Ash as Silica Source. [Ph.D. Thesis, National Institute of Technology]."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2021.01.038","article-title":"A novel cost-effective approach to fabricate diopside bioceramics: A promising ceramics for orthopedic applications","volume":"32","author":"Srinath","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"(2025, April 11). Aich Prefectural Government, Available online: https:\/\/www.pref.aichi.jp\/soshiki\/engei\/aichisan-kokurui-cha.html."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"767","article-title":"Effect of sodium sulfite on the dissolution of amorphous silica in aqueous solutions","volume":"54","author":"Shirai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(90)90431-J","article-title":"Kinetics of quartz dissolution in electrolyte solutions using a hydrothermal mixed flow reactor","volume":"54","author":"Dove","year":"1990","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(92)90257-J","article-title":"Dissolution kinetics of quartz in sodium chloride solutions: Analysis of existing data and a rate model for 25 \u00b0C","volume":"56","author":"Dove","year":"1992","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(97)00217-2","article-title":"The influence of the alkaline earth cations, magnesium, calcium, and barium on the dissolution kinetics of quartz","volume":"61","author":"Dove","year":"1997","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/jms.323","article-title":"Characterization of silicate monomer with sodium, calcium and strontium but not with lithium and magnesium ions by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry","volume":"37","author":"Tanaka","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(80)90280-X","article-title":"Amorphous silica solubilities\u2014I. Behavior in aqueous sodium nitrate solutions; 25\u2013300 \u00b0C, 0\u20136 molal","volume":"44","author":"Marshall","year":"1980","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(80)90281-1","article-title":"Amorphous silica solubilities\u2014II. Effect of aqueous salt solutions at 25 \u00b0C","volume":"44","author":"Marshall","year":"1980","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(80)90282-3","article-title":"Amorphous silica solubilities\u2014III. Activity coefficient relations and predictions of solubility behavior in salt solutions, 0\u2013350 \u00b0C","volume":"44","author":"Marshall","year":"1980","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(82)90255-1","article-title":"Amorphous silica solubilities IV. Behavior in pure water and aqueous sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium chloride, and magnesium sulfate solutions up to 350 \u00b0C","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(82)90256-3","article-title":"Amorphous silica solubilities V. Predictions of solubility behavior in aqueous mixed electrolyte solutions to 300 \u00b0C","volume":"46","author":"Marshall","year":"1982","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(82)90228-9","article-title":"Amorphous silica solubilities\u2014VI. Postulated sulfate-silicic acid solution complex","volume":"46","author":"Marshall","year":"1982","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/12\/12\/1339\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T05:24:35Z","timestamp":1765344275000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/12\/12\/1339"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering12121339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering12121339","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2306-5354"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]]}}}