{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:10:16Z","timestamp":1767197416657,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: To compare clinical outcomes of Lotrafilcon A and Balafilcon A silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses (BCLs) following transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK). Methods: A randomized, double-blind, contralateral eye study enrolled 41 TPRK patients (82 eyes), with each eye randomly assigned one BCL type. Assessments included uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, ocular pain and irritation, epithelial healing, limbal and conjunctival hyperemia, lens mobility, and the amount of protein deposition on the BCLs. Results: Postoperative day 1 pain score was lower in Group A (2.80 \u00b1 2.35) than in Group B (4.44 \u00b1 2.46, p = 0.003). Group A had significantly less protein deposition (day 3: 9.92 \u00b1 9.82 vs. 25.75 \u00b1 9.86 \u03bcg, p &lt; 0.001; day 4: 9.47 \u00b1 10.06 vs. 32.60 \u00b1 16.71 \u03bcg, p = 0.005). No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of corneal epithelial defect area, corneal epithelial healing time, UDVA, CDVA, limbal or conjunctival hyperemia, and lens movement. Conclusions: Lotrafilcon A outperformed Balafilcon A in reducing ocular pain, foreign body sensation, and protein deposition, suggesting that Lotrafilcon A may be a more suitable therapeutic BCL option following TPRK.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13010039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T15:30:32Z","timestamp":1767195032000},"page":"39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Randomized, Double-Blind, Contralateral Eye Study Comparing the Clinical Outcomes of Two Types of Silicone Hydrogel Bandage Contact Lenses After Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4328-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Novel Optoelectronic Technology for Ophthalmic Devices (NOTOD), School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaiyan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shihao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"},{"name":"National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(88)80063-4","article-title":"Photorefractive keratectomy: A technique for laser refractive surgery","volume":"14","author":"Munnerlyn","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1080\/08820530390897738","article-title":"LASIK vs. LASEK vs. PRK: Advantages and indications","volume":"18","author":"Wilson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(98)00027-7","article-title":"Surgical correction of moderate myopia: Which method should you choose? II. PRK and LASIK are the treatments of choice","volume":"43","author":"Steinert","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-19960301-11","article-title":"Assessment of subjective pain following photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"12","author":"McCarty","year":"1996","journal-title":"Melbourne Excimer Laser Group. J. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-19950101-10","article-title":"Comparison of laser and manual removal of corneal epithelium for photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"11","author":"Gimbel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2012.03.028","article-title":"Consecutive myopia correction with transepithelial versus alcohol-assisted photorefractive keratectomy in contralateral eyes: One-year results","volume":"38","author":"Luger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stojanovic, A., Chen, S., Chen, X., Stojanovic, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, T., and Utheim, T.P. (2013). One-step transepithelial topography-guided ablation in the treatment of myopic astigmatism. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066618"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xi, L., Zhang, C., and He, Y. (2018). Clinical outcomes of Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy to treat low to moderate myopic astigmatism. BMC Ophthalmol., 18.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0775-5"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2011.04.029","article-title":"Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy: Clinical results","volume":"37","author":"Fadlallah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2014.07.001","article-title":"Pain, wound healing and refractive comparison of mechanical and transepithelial debridement in photorefractive keratectomy for myopia: Results of 1 year follow-up","volume":"37","author":"Celik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye J. Br. Contact Lens Assoc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.4103\/2008-322X.194070","article-title":"Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy for Low to Moderate Myopia in Comparison with Conventional Photorefractive Keratectomy","volume":"11","author":"Naderi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmic Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20161122-01","article-title":"Advanced Surface Ablation with a New Software for the Reduction of Ablation Irregularities","volume":"33","author":"Vinciguerra","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"5376235","article-title":"Comparison Between Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy Versus Alcohol-Assisted Photorefractive Keratectomy in Correction of Myopia and Myopic Astigmatism","volume":"2018","author":"Bakhsh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2016.08.025","article-title":"Myopia correction with transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy versus femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis: One-year case-matched analysis","volume":"42","author":"Luger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-7037(96)80019-X","article-title":"Therapeutic contact lenses and their use in the management of anterior segment pathology","volume":"19","author":"Jackson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Br. Contact Lens Assoc."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"30","article-title":"Contact lenses as an adjunct in refractive surgery practice","volume":"17","author":"Bergenske","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contact Lens Spectr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0886-3350(96)80271-9","article-title":"Effect of occlusive pressure patching on the rate of epithelial wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"22","author":"Demers","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Comparation of effectiveness of silicone hydrogel contact lens and hydrogel contact lens in patients after LASEK","volume":"8","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2015.01.017","article-title":"Compare the effects of two silicone-hydrogel bandage contact lenses on epithelial healing after photorefractive keratectomy with anterior segment optical coherence tomography","volume":"38","author":"Erdur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye J. Br. Contact Lens Assoc."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000067","article-title":"The effect of silicone hydrogel bandage soft contact lens base curvature on comfort and outcomes after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"41","author":"Taylor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000331","article-title":"Therapeutic Contact Lenses in the Treatment of Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases-A Review","volume":"9","author":"Lim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"2604917","article-title":"Clinical Observation of Silicon Hydrogel Contact Lens Fitted Immediately after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)","volume":"2020","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shimazaki, J., Shigeyasu, C., Saijo-Ban, Y., Dogru, M., and Den, S. (2016). Effectiveness of bandage contact lens application in corneal epithelialization and pain alleviation following corneal transplantation; prospective, randomized clinical trial. BMC Ophthalmol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0346-6"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"1188","article-title":"Effect of rigid corneal contact lens and corneal limbal stem cell transplantation for senile patients with pterygium","volume":"17","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Eye Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2019.02.045","article-title":"Bandage contact lens use after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"45","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-019-01105-9","article-title":"Comparison of Samfilcon A and Lotrafilcon B silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses in reducing postoperative pain and accelerating re-epithelialization after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"39","author":"Yuksel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000107181.42704.D8","article-title":"Therapeutic use of a lotrafilcon A silicone hydrogel soft contact lens as a bandage after LASEK surgery","volume":"30","author":"Szaflik","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2014.02.040","article-title":"Comparison of 3 silicone hydrogel bandage soft contact lenses for pain control after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"40","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e31827cb99f","article-title":"Are silicone hydrogel contact lenses more comfortable than hydrogel contact lenses?","volume":"39","author":"Guillon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2014.02.002","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of Comfilcon A and Senofilcon A bandage contact lenses after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"8","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Optom."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20210809-02","article-title":"Update on Pain Management After Advanced Surface Ablation","volume":"37","author":"Mohammadpour","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.07.028","article-title":"Management of Pain After Photorefractive Keratectomy: A Report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology","volume":"130","author":"Steigleman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2003.09.004","article-title":"Efficacy of continuous wear PureVision contact lenses for therapeutic use","volume":"27","author":"Arora","year":"2004","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ICL.0000163449.92288.71","article-title":"Therapeutic applications of lotrafilcon a silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses","volume":"31","author":"Ozkurt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_2778_22","article-title":"Contact lenses in dry eye disease and associated ocular surface disorders","volume":"71","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_17_23","article-title":"Contact lenses for the treatment of ocular surface diseases","volume":"71","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-7085.2003.03034.x","article-title":"The numeric rating scale for clinical pain measurement: A ratio measure?","volume":"3","author":"Hartrick","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pain Pract."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2004.09.022","article-title":"Masked comparison of silicone hydrogel lotrafilcon A and etafilcon A extended-wear bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"31","author":"Engle","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.1999.00420.x-i1","article-title":"Validation of grading scales for contact lens complications","volume":"21","author":"Efron","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. J. Br. Coll. Ophthalmic Opt."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20080201-12","article-title":"Comparison of silicone and non-silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses used as a bandage after LASEK","volume":"24","author":"Teus","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2015.01.014","article-title":"Comparison of Lotrafilcon B and Balafilcon A silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses in reducing pain and discomfort after photorefractive keratectomy: A contralateral eye study","volume":"38","author":"Mohammadpour","year":"2015","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"314","article-title":"Clinic study on silicone hydrogel contact lenses used as bandage contact lenses after LASEK surgery","volume":"4","author":"Qu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2010.06.004","article-title":"The use of contact lenses in the treatment of persistent epithelial defects","volume":"33","author":"Blackmore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye J. Br. Contact Lens Assoc."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2009.07.015","article-title":"Efficacy of 2 types of silicone hydrogel bandage contact lenses after photorefractive keratectomy","volume":"35","author":"Grentzelos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cataract Refract. Surg."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S273","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000471","article-title":"Comparison of the Lotrafilcon B and Comfilcon A Silicone Hydrogel Bandage Contact Lens on Postoperative Ocular Discomfort After Photorefractive Keratectomy","volume":"44","author":"Mohammadpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"179","article-title":"Therapeutic use of Bausch & Lomb Pure Vision contact lenses","volume":"27","author":"Lim","year":"2001","journal-title":"CLAO J."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"718","article-title":"Comparative Study of Two Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lenses used as Bandage Contact Lenses after Photorefractive Keratectomy","volume":"3","author":"Razmjoo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"318","article-title":"Effects of Lotrafilcon A and Senofilcon A Bandage Contact Lenses on Visual Outcome and Ocular Comfort After Photorefractive Keratectomy","volume":"54","author":"Yakar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Turk. J. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"24","article-title":"Silicone hydrogel material and surface properties","volume":"17","author":"Fonn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Contact Lens Spectr."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1097\/00140068-200301001-00021","article-title":"Lysozyme and lipid deposition on silicone hydrogel contact lens materials","volume":"29","author":"Jones","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eye Contact Lens"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31818527fd","article-title":"Comparative study of two silicone hydrogel contact lenses used as bandage contact lenses after LASEK","volume":"85","author":"Teus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"842","article-title":"Specificity and biological activity of the protein deposited on the hydrogel surface. Relationship of polymer structure to biofilm formation","volume":"28","author":"Sack","year":"1987","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199110000-00003","article-title":"Quantity of protein deposited on hydrogel contact lenses and its relation to visible protein deposits","volume":"68","author":"Myers","year":"1991","journal-title":"Optom. Vis. Sci."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/13\/1\/39\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T16:06:06Z","timestamp":1767197166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/13\/1\/39"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering13010039"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering13010039","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]]}}}