{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:36:05Z","timestamp":1787168165593,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":193,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are transforming medical diagnostics, but human nail, an easily accessible and rich biological substrate, is still not fully exploited in the digital health field. Nail pathologies are easily diagnosed, non-invasive disease biomarkers, including systemic diseases such as anemia, diabetes, psoriasis, melanoma, and fungal diseases. This review presents the first big synthesis of image analysis for nail lesions incorporating AI\/ML for diagnostic purposes. Where dermatological reviews to date have been more wide-ranging in scope, our review will focus specifically on diagnosis and screening related to nails. The various technological modalities involved (smartphone imaging, dermoscopy, Optical Coherence Tomography) will be presented, together with the different processing techniques for images (color corrections, segmentation, cropping of regions of interest), and models that range from classical methods to deep learning, with annotated descriptions of each. There will also be additional descriptions of AI applications related to some diseases, together with analytical discussions regarding real-world impediments to clinical application, including scarcity of data, variations in skin type, annotation errors, and other laws of clinical adoption. Some emerging solutions will also be emphasized: explainable AI (XAI), federated learning, and platform diagnostics allied with smartphones. Bridging the gap between clinical dermatology, artificial intelligence and mobile health, this review consolidates our existing knowledge and charts a path through yet others to scalable, equitable, and trustworthy nail based medically diagnostic techniques. Our findings advocate for interdisciplinary innovation to bring AI-enabled nail analysis from lab prototypes to routine healthcare and global screening initiatives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13010075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T11:11:21Z","timestamp":1767870681000},"page":"75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Artificial Intelligence Meets Nail Diagnostics: Emerging Image-Based Sensing Platforms for Non-Invasive Disease Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tejrao Panjabrao","family":"Marode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Engineering, Shegaon 444203, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas K.","family":"Bhangdiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Engineering, Shegaon 444203, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8898-3758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shon","family":"Nemane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Engineering, Shegaon 444203, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6540-2471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dhiraj","family":"Tulaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering, Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Engineering, Shegaon 444203, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishnavi M.","family":"Sarad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering (IOT), Ram Meghe Institute of Technology and Research, Badnera 444701, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0120-6575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Sankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Vel Tech High Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonam","family":"Chopade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3354-1802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ankita","family":"Avthankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Nagpur Campus, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune 411057, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Bhaiyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EQIQAI Systems Private Limited, K. V. Rangareddy, Hyderabad 500075, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhusudan B.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s43621-024-00273-8","article-title":"Digital transformation for sustainable health and well-being: A review and future research directions","volume":"5","author":"Hameed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Sustain."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"125","article-title":"Biomarkers of disease in human nails: A comprehensive review","volume":"59","author":"Howsam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Clin. Lab. 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