{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T12:25:23Z","timestamp":1771244723792,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24K13017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K13017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated antibacterial dentures fabricated by peening titanium apatite onto a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin using a peening device. The effects of different peening mass flow rates and total peening masses on the deposition and antibacterial properties of titanium apatite were investigated. Titanium apatite was peened onto PMMA specimens at mass flow rates of 1, 2, and 5 g\/s, with total peening masses of 5, 10, and 15 g. The surface morphology, elemental distribution, and mass changes were analyzed before and after peening and after immersion and water rinsing. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated using a crystal violet assay. The results showed that reducing the peening mass flow rate increased the amount of titanium apatite transferred and enhanced the antibacterial properties, with the highest deposition achieved at 1 g\/s. Varying the total peening mass did not significantly affect the deposition pattern or antibacterial activity. The arithmetic mean roughness of the denture base remained unchanged after peening, indicating its clinical applicability. In conclusion, peening titanium apatite onto PMMA at a lower mass flow rate enabled stronger bonding and incorporation of antibacterial properties, potentially contributing to the development of novel antibacterial denture base materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13020230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T11:11:28Z","timestamp":1771240288000},"page":"230","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development of Antibacterial Dentures Using Titanium Apatite Peening"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hideaki","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Miyake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata-shi 537-1144, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nichika","family":"Harakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanics, Graduate School of Integrative Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Issei","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kameyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0510-512X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhei","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamadutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Tashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Removable Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuha-hanazono-cho, Hirakata-shi 573-1121, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chizuko","family":"Ogata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata-shi 537-1144, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5400-8479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Komasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Dental University, 1-4-4, Makino-honmachi, Hirakata-shi 537-1144, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12801","article-title":"The Association of Frailty with Oral Cleaning Habits and Oral Hygiene among Elderly Home Care Clients","volume":"34","author":"Tuuliainen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scand. 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