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As a promising green technology, piezocatalysis employs external mechanical force to physically disrupt bacterial membranes while simultaneously triggering redox reactions to generate bactericidal reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent advances highlight the superior performance and broad applicability of this technology in the antibacterial domain. This review systematically elucidates the antibacterial mechanisms of piezocatalysis, followed by a comprehensive survey of prevalent piezoelectric biomaterials (e.g., amino acids, cellulose, proteins) and their synthesis strategies. Furthermore, specific applications of these bio-piezoelectric composites in sterilization are consolidated. Finally, we critically assess the primary challenges and outline future developmental trajectories, offering a prospective pathway for next-generation eco-friendly disinfection strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13030290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T14:06:56Z","timestamp":1772460416000},"page":"290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Advancements in Bio-Based Piezoelectric Composites for Antibacterial Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ruihua","family":"Mu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9774-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenzhuo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaige","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xi\u2019an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an 710048, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2025.101597","article-title":"PD-L1 and the risk of bacterial infection in patients with chronic liver diseases: An international multicohort study","volume":"7","author":"Juanola","year":"2025","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.01.032","article-title":"Clonal dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in patients and the hospital environment","volume":"17","author":"Javidnia","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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