{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:38:29Z","timestamp":1775039909386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This study examined spherical and aspherical orthokeratology (Ortho-K) lens designs for myopia control and corneal optical stability over the course of a year. Methods: This retrospective analysis used data from a previously conducted two-centre, single-blind, randomised contralateral-eye clinical study, in which 48 children aged 8 to 15 years wore a spherical Ortho-K lens in one eye and an aspherical lens in the other. Measurements included axial length (AL), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), lens decentration, corneal power, and higher-order aberrations over 12 months. Corneal topography was analysed using customised MATLAB code, Zernike fitting and paired inter-eye differences were evaluated with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Both lenses exhibited typical Ortho-K reshaping patterns, with central flattening and mid-peripheral steepening. The aspherical lens resulted in slower AL elongation than the spherical lens (p &lt; 0.01). It also produced smaller, more stable treatment zones and less variability in higher-order aberrations. Significant differences between the designs were found for vertical coma (p = 0.006), spherical aberration (p = 0.002), and vertical tilt (p = 0.02). Lens decentration also differed significantly (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: Over 12 months, the aspherical Ortho-K lens demonstrated superior myopia control and more stable corneal optics than the spherical lens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13040414","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:08:34Z","timestamp":1775030914000},"page":"414","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design-Dependent Myopia Control in Orthokeratology: Spherical Versus Aspherical Back Optic Zone Profiles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9592-2020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Pin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Mackay Medical University, New Taipei 252, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Brighten Optix Co., Taipei 111, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huibin","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7292-8261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lo-Yu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Mackay Medical University, New Taipei 252, Taiwan"},{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Brighten Optix Co., Taipei 111, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Brighten Optix Co., Taipei 111, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Optometry, Pacific University, Forest Grove, OR 97116, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xueli","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China"},{"name":"Beijing Bright Care Eye Clinic Ltd., Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8622-4632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials, Design and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","article-title":"Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050","volume":"123","author":"Holden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-025-03949-1","article-title":"Current and emerging strategies for myopia control: A narrative review of optical, pharmacological, behavioural, and adjunctive therapies","volume":"39","author":"Maulvi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo-2024-325427","article-title":"Global prevalence, trend and projection of myopia in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2050: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br. 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