{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T14:46:50Z","timestamp":1788274010409,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The anterior labral\u2013ligamentous complex (ALLC), formed by the integration of the anterior inferior glenohumeral ligament and anterior glenoid labrum, plays a critical role in shoulder stability and represents a potential target for regenerative injection therapy. However, precise ultrasound-guided targeting of this capsular\u2013labral interface has not been anatomically validated. This feasibility cadaveric study evaluated the accuracy of ultrasound-guided in-plane injection directed at the ALLC at its glenoid attachment. A fresh-frozen human cadaver specimen was examined in the supine position with the shoulder in external rotation. Stepwise lateral-to-medial and cranial-to-caudal ultrasound scanning was performed to localize the ALLC. A 23-gauge needle was advanced in a cranial-to-caudal in-plane trajectory, and 1\u20132 mL of red filler was injected into the capsular\u2013labral interface. Subsequent layer-by-layer dissection was conducted to assess injectate localization. In both shoulders (2\/2), red filler was confined within the ALLC without extra-capsular leakage, diffuse intra-articular pooling, or neurovascular staining. These findings demonstrate the anatomical feasibility of ultrasound-guided targeted delivery to the anterior capsular\u2013labral complex. This proof-of-concept study provides foundational anatomical validation for the development of regenerative injection protocols directed at the shoulder capsular\u2013labral enthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13040418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T09:26:12Z","timestamp":1775121972000},"page":"418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ultrasound-Guided Targeted Injection to the Anterior Labral\u2013Ligamentous Complex of the Shoulder: A Cadaveric Feasibility Study for Regenerative Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-4838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, 443, Samnye-ro, Samnye-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonju 55338, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8990-1213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"U-Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8746-3718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghyun","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Board of Clinical Research, The International Association of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong"},{"name":"MSKUS, 1035 E. Vista Way #128, Vista, CA 92084, USA"},{"name":"International Academy of Regenerative Medicine, Inha-ro 489beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21574, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9141-9856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihyo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungyoun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07441, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoonju","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungbeom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Academy of Regenerative Medicine, Inha-ro 489beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21574, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Miso Pain Clinic, 1569, Bongyeong-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16703, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1392-829X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"King Hei Stanley","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Board of Clinical Research, The International Association of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeimylo C.","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SMARTMD Center for Non-Surgical Pain Interventions, Makati 1205, Philippines"},{"name":"Research Department, Adventist University of the Philippines (A.U.P.), Puting Kahoy, Silang 4118, Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6722-0268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teinny","family":"Suryadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Board of Clinical Research, The International Association of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5795-0988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwar","family":"Suhaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Board of Clinical Research, The International Association of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Kowloon, Hong Kong"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800501","article-title":"The anatomy and histology of the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex of the shoulder","volume":"18","author":"Neves","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. 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