{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T13:05:32Z","timestamp":1776085532296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose: To critically evaluate the role or effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in terms of clinical and radiological outcomes. Method: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify relevant studies. Clinical outcomes included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective and objective evaluations, Lysholm score, Tegner score, anterior knee laxity, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Kujala score, Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (VISA) scale, proprioception, isokinetic strength, and physical examination tests (anterior drawer, Lachman, and pivot-shift tests). Radiological outcomes encompassed measures obtained via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), X-ray, and ultrasound. Statistical significance was defined as a p value &lt; 0.05, and all analyses were performed using R software (version 4.1.3). Results: A total of 23 studies, including 19 randomized controlled trials, met the inclusion criteria, encompassing 1072 patients overall. The meta-analysis showed significant differences between PRP group and non-PRP group with regard to VAS score at 6- and 12-month follow-up, Lysholm score at 6-month follow-up, and Tegner score at 6-month follow-up. Meta-regression showed that the two group differences in VAS score changed significantly with follow-up time (p &lt; 0.01). In terms of radiological findings, about half of the assessments favored PRP to facilitate the graft maturation and integration at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: PRP application in ACL reconstruction compared with non-PRP, may produce short-term but not long-term clinical outcomes such as VAS score, Lysholm score and Tegner score. While some short-term statistical differences exist, their magnitude and durability do not yet justify routine clinical adoption of PRP in ACL reconstruction. Larger samples and higher-quality studies are needed to support our results and further explore the advantages of PRP in other aspects. Level of evidence: Level II.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13040455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T11:38:26Z","timestamp":1776080306000},"page":"455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3064-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Abdirahman","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"},{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Opoku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"},{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abakar","family":"Mahamat Abdramane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"},{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8329-1467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingqing","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"},{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3345-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"},{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5225-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulraheem","family":"Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenfeng","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Changde City, Central South University, Changde 415000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.06.005","article-title":"Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction","volume":"22","author":"Buoncristiani","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00094","article-title":"Management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Evidence-based guideline","volume":"23","author":"Shea","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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