{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:49:15Z","timestamp":1785408555808,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023.15616.PEX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.15616.PEX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["2023.15616.PEX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.15616.PEX"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00snfqn58","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Surgical fixation techniques for bone fracture healing are well established and effective; however, opportunities remain to improve both functional outcomes and the patient experience. The Biofiligree\u00ae concept integrates medicine, engineering, and design by reimagining conventional osteosynthesis plates as both therapeutic and aesthetic devices. Inspired by traditional Portuguese filigree, these plates allow patient participation through personalized geometries, patterns, or engravings and may later be transformed into wearable jewellery after removal, preserving them as symbolic artefacts of recovery. This study introduces and biomechanically evaluates a novel calcaneal fixation plate incorporating the biofiligree geometry concept. A biofiligree plate was designed for calcaneus fracture fixation and manufactured in stainless steel 306L. Experimental testing was conducted on synthetic composite calcaneus bone models to simulate anatomical conditions and compare the new design with a standard commercial plate. The biofiligree plate, 2 mm thick, was fixed using five screws and two percutaneous screws positioned at 45\u00b0 to compress the fracture line. Results demonstrated comparable biomechanical performance between both systems, with similar strain distributions and fracture stabilization. The biofiligree plate showed stresses around 430 MPa and fracture displacement below 0.7 mm. Fixation stiffness values were 1445 N\/mm for intact calcaneus, 1065 N\/mm for the commercial plate, and 725 N\/mm for the biofiligree plate, indicating adequate support for bone healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13040460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T14:24:58Z","timestamp":1776176698000},"page":"460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In Vitro Experimental Study of Biofiligree\u00ae Osteosynthesis in Calcaneus Fracture Fixation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6174-8878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Engenharia Mec\u00e2nica, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESAD.IDEA\u2014Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Design e Arte, 4450-136 Matosinhos, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orlando","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESAD.IDEA\u2014Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Design e Arte, 4450-136 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vener\u00e1vel Ordem Terceira de S\u00e3o Francisco do Porto, 4050-209 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4455-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESAD.IDEA\u2014Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Design e Arte, 4450-136 Matosinhos, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24730114221088490","DOI":"10.1177\/24730114221088490","article-title":"Characteristics and Trends of Highly Cited Articles in Calcaneus Fracture Research","volume":"7","author":"Goedderz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Orthop."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2473011420927334","DOI":"10.1177\/2473011420927334","article-title":"Intra-articular Calcaneus Fractures: Current Concepts Review","volume":"5","author":"Allegra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Orthop."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-020-03649-3","article-title":"Surgical experience as a decisive factor for the outcome of calcaneal fractures using locking compression plate: Results of 3 years","volume":"141","author":"Fischer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. 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