{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T02:59:47Z","timestamp":1777690787229,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":230,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: This retrospective case series evaluated the descriptive clinical observations of the bio-activator AMCOP\u00ae TC in the treatment of growing patients with Class III dento-skeletal malocclusion. In recent years, elastodontic appliances have been introduced as an evolution of conventional functional appliances. Elastodontic therapy could be an excellent therapeutic alternative in the early treatment of patients with Class III dento-skeletal malocclusion. Aim: This retrospective experimental study evaluated the descriptive clinical observations of the bio-activator AMCOP\u00ae TC in the treatment of patients with Class III dento-skeletal malocclusion and described four clinical cases. Materials and methods: The study included 11 subjects (5 males and 6 females, aged between 3 and 12 years) treated with the AMCOP\u00ae TC bio-activator for Class III dento-skeletal malocclusion. Patients used the AMCOP\u00ae TC device for two hours in the afternoon and all night for 6\u20138 months and then only at night. For each patient, cephalometric analyses were performed on latero-lateral teleradiographs both at the beginning of treatment (T0) and at the end of treatment (T1). Analyses were performed using DeltaDent\u00ae software. Conclusions: Cephalometric observations between T0 and T1 showed changes in sagittal relationship parameters, including ANB values; however, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Elastodontic therapy with an AMCOP\u00ae TC appliance improved the correction of a Class III dento-skeletal malocclusion and postural restoration of the first cervical vertebrae. Although further studies are needed, AMCOP\u00ae TC bio-activators may be considered a possible interceptive treatment approach in selected growing patients; however, the present findings should be interpreted with caution. Findings should be considered preliminary and interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13050504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:43:51Z","timestamp":1777448631000},"page":"504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retrospective Descriptive Case Series on the Use of AMCOP\u00ae Elastodontic Appliance in Growing Patients with Class III Malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0104-6337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelo Michele","family":"Inchingolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6366-1039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio Danilo","family":"Inchingolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0483-6887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Cardarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3797-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Inchingolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6916-0075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela Di","family":"Venere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta de","family":"Ruvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1494-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Ferrante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grazia","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3288-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Palermo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianna","family":"Dipalma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Proffit, W.R., Fields, H.W., and Sarver, D.M. 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