{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T13:16:39Z","timestamp":1783430199319,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ANU Our Health in Our Hands","award":["A001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A001"]}]},{"name":"ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science","award":["CE0561903"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CE0561903"]}]},{"name":"Konan Medical USA Inc.","award":["G12345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G12345"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sport-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is common and has long-term implications. The lack of diagnostically accurate, rapid, and easy-to-administer tests exacerbates the problem. We evaluated the objectiveFIELD Analyser\u00ae (OFA\u00ae) for mTBI. This cross-sectional study included athletes who had sustained a concussion, and two groups of controls: the putative control group (pCG) comprising rugby players who claimed they had never had a concussion, and a non-rugby normal control group (nCG). Two OFA tests, the 8 min (OFA30) and the rapid 90 s (OFA30-12), were performed. Discrimination was performed against both the control groups using the Area Under Receiver Operating Curves (AUROC) and Hedge\u2019s g standardised effect size. The athletes were divided into the Acute Group, with 42 athletes tested within 15.4 \u00b1 13.6 days of mTBI, and the Chronic Group, with 23 athletes tested within 941.5 \u00b1 769.0 days. Subjects were age-matched (22.4 \u00b1 3.06 years). For the nCG, OFA30-12 performed better than OFA30: with Hedge\u2019s g values of 1.22 in acute and 1.45 in chronic cases, compared with 0.93 for acute and 1.00 for chronic cases. AUROCs performed similarly. Notably, when compared with the pCG, both tests showed poorer diagnostic power. OFA perimetry showed potential as reliable, rapid test for assessing concussion. The results cannot be generalized to the first 72 h following a concussion due to insufficient data from participants assessed within this early period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13070738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:06:43Z","timestamp":1783426003000},"page":"738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of Sport-Related Brain Injuries with Rapid Objective Perimetry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0748-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhim B.","family":"Rai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9187-7569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faran","family":"Sabeti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"},{"name":"Discipline of Optometry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0402-3296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie M. F.","family":"Rohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2167-0348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua P.","family":"van Kleef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corinne F.","family":"Carle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4591-3658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ted","family":"Maddess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2025.01.001","article-title":"Global Burden of Traumatic Brain Injury in 204 Countries and Territories From 1990 to 2021","volume":"68","author":"Zhong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Prev. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, J., Wang, C., and Sun, B. (2025). Global, regional, and national burdens of traumatic brain injury from 1990 to 2021. Front. Public Health, 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1556147"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1318-1","article-title":"Chronic impact of traumatic brain injury on outcome and quality of life: A narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Stocchetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00309-X","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: Progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"21","author":"Maas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Curtin University (Curtin University, 2022). Everyday Australians help Deliver Better Treatment for Concussions, Curtin University."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2021.0253","article-title":"Myelin Content in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients with Post-Concussion Syndrome: Quantitative Assessment with a Multidynamic Multiecho Sequence","volume":"23","author":"Yoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J. Radiol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000458975.78766.11","article-title":"An introduction to sports concussions","volume":"20","author":"Giza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63954-7.00006-9","article-title":"Chapter 6\u2014Concussion: Pathophysiology and clinical translation","volume":"Volume 158","author":"Hainline","year":"2018","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"79","article-title":"Neuromechanics and Pathophysiology of Diffuse Axonal Injury in Concussion","volume":"46","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bridge"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2017.03.011","article-title":"Pathophysiology of Sports-Related Concussion","volume":"35","author":"Steenerson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.2.2.372","article-title":"Neuroimaging in traumatic brain imaging","volume":"2","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"NeuroRx"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5460","article-title":"Functional Status Examination in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries","volume":"35","author":"Machamer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-14-00230","article-title":"Visual field dysfunctions in warfighters during different stages following blast and nonblast mTBI","volume":"180","author":"Walsh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.01.026","article-title":"Objective Perimetry in Sporting-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury","volume":"126","author":"Sabeti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0000000000002485","article-title":"Diagnostic Power and Reproducibility of Objective Perimetry in Glaucoma","volume":"33","author":"Maddess","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabeti, F., van Kleef, J.P., Iyer, R.M., Carle, C.F., Nolan, C.J., Chia, R.H., and Maddess, T. (2024). Discriminating early-stage diabetic retinopathy with subjective and objective perimetry. Front. Endocrinol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1333826"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6394","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.14-16029","article-title":"Blue multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry in glaucoma","volume":"56","author":"Carle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45847","DOI":"10.1038\/srep45847","article-title":"Comparing multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) and multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEP) in retinal diseases","volume":"7","author":"Sabeti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-21196-1","article-title":"Retinotopic effects of visual attention revealed by dichoptic multifocal pupillography","volume":"8","author":"Rosli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-022-06387-z","article-title":"Rapid, non-contact multifocal visual assessment in multiple sclerosis","volume":"44","author":"Maddess","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2022.100430","article-title":"Objective perimetry and progression of multiple sclerosis","volume":"29","author":"Maddess","year":"2022","journal-title":"eNeurologicalSci"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, E.N., Carle, C.F., Lueck, C.J., Kolic, M., and Maddess, T. (2021). Assessing migraine patients with multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry. BMC Neurol., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-021-02239-z"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120237","article-title":"Response characteristics of objective perimetry in persons living with epilepsy","volume":"436","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3659","article-title":"Dichoptic multifocal pupillography reveals afferent visual field defects in early Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"51","author":"Bell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2022.100143","article-title":"Rapid Objective Testing of Visual Function Matched to the ETDRS Grid and Its Diagnostic Power in Age-Related Macular Degeneration","volume":"2","author":"Rai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-005-6832-7","article-title":"Comparing effect sizes in follow-up studies: ROC Area, Cohen\u2019s d, and r","volume":"29","author":"Rice","year":"2005","journal-title":"Law Hum. Behav."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000061","article-title":"Clinical challenges in the diagnosis and assessment of sports-related concussion","volume":"5","author":"Makdissi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02540-w","article-title":"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE): Criteria for neuropathological diagnosis and relationship to repetitive head impacts","volume":"145","author":"McKee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31828b67cf","article-title":"Consensus statement on concussion in sport\u2014the 4th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2012","volume":"23","author":"McCrory","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. J. Sport Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.10.179","article-title":"Management of Concussion and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Synthesis of Practice Guidelines","volume":"101","author":"Silverberg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-12-23-7067","article-title":"Assessment and management of sport-related concussion in general practice","volume":"53","author":"McRae","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aust. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"304","article-title":"Anxiety and Mood Clinical Profile following Sport-related Concussion: From Risk Factors to Treatment","volume":"6","author":"Sandel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sport Exerc. Perform. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2011.07.018","article-title":"The pathophysiology of concussion","volume":"3","author":"Signoretti","year":"2011","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)51012-4","article-title":"The pretectum: Connections and oculomotor-related roles","volume":"151","author":"Gamlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6882","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6882","article-title":"Cortical modulation of pupillary function: Systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Peinkhofer","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"334","article-title":"Concussion in Rugby: The Hidden Epidemic","volume":"36","author":"Marshall","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wittmer, R., Buckley, T.A., Swanik, C.B., Costantini, K.M., Ryan, L., Daly, E., King, R.E., Daniels, A.J., and Hunzinger, K.J. (2025). Unrecognized and Unreported Concussions Among Community Rugby Players. Sports, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13080278"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.3102\/10769986006002107","article-title":"Distribution Theory for Glass\u2019s Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators","volume":"6","author":"Hedges","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Educ. Stat."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2023.09.002","article-title":"Early diabetic eye damage: Comparing detection methods using diagnostic power","volume":"69","author":"Rai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surv. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.13.32","article-title":"Comparing objective perimetry, matrix perimetry, and regional retinal thickness in mild diabetic macular edema","volume":"10","author":"Rai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.14.24","article-title":"An objective perimetry study of central versus peripheral sensitivities and delays in age-related macular degeneration","volume":"10","author":"Rai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Vis. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2025.2515061","article-title":"Persistent post-concussion syndrome: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, current and evolving treatment strategies","volume":"25","author":"Hadanny","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2024.0426","article-title":"Vasomotion and Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Cerebrovascular Autoregulation Versus Autonomic Control","volume":"42","author":"Howells","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2024.101211","article-title":"Simultaneous arterial spin labeling functional MRI and fluorodeoxyglucose PET in mild chronic traumatic brain injury","volume":"51","author":"Heholt","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mavroudis, I., Chatzikonstantinou, S., Petridis, F., Palade, O.D., Ciobica, A., and Balmus, I.M. (2023). Functional Overlay Model of Persistent Post-Concussion Syndrome. Brain Sci., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13071028"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2025.108548","article-title":"Photic drive response in people with epilepsy: Exploring the interaction with background alpha rhythm","volume":"228","author":"Ali","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vis. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5537","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0135-23.2023","article-title":"Visual Information Is Predictively Encoded in Occipital Alpha\/Low-Beta Oscillations","volume":"43","author":"Turner","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-821377-3.00014-3","article-title":"Illusions, hallucinations, and visual snow","volume":"Volume 178","author":"Barton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Handbook of Clinical Neurology"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.10.009","article-title":"The promise of layer-specific neuroimaging for testing predictive coding theories of psychosis","volume":"245","author":"Haarsma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr. Res."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104593","article-title":"From hallucinations to synaesthesia: A circular inference account of unimodal and multimodal erroneous percepts in clinical and drug-induced psychosis","volume":"135","author":"Leptourgos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.02.028","article-title":"Disruption of alpha oscillation propagation in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"162","author":"Sihn","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2024.03.003","article-title":"EEG alpha reactivity on eyes opening discriminates patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder","volume":"161","author":"Garakh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.02.026","article-title":"Lack of an association between anticipatory alpha oscillations and attentional selection in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder","volume":"138","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rai, B.B., Sabeti, F., Carle, C.F., and Maddess, T. (2024). Visual Field Tests: A Narrative Review of Different Perimetric Methods. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13092458"},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"6","article-title":"Retinal and balance changes based on concussion history: A study of division 1 football players","volume":"2","author":"Bixenmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.107080","article-title":"Structural changes in retina (Retinal nerve fiber layer) following mild traumatic brain injury and its association with development of visual field defects","volume":"212","author":"Das","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.13673","article-title":"Retinal nerve fibre changes in sports-related repetitive traumatic brain injury","volume":"48","author":"Kelman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhandari, S., Mak, S.Y.G., Heron, N., and Rogers, J. (2025). Tools for Diagnosing and Managing Sport-Related Concussion in UK Primary Care: A Scoping Review. Sports, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/sports13070201"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2416223","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.16223","article-title":"Diagnosis of Sports-Related Concussion Using Symptom Report or Standardized Assessment of Concussion","volume":"7","author":"Harmon","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-025-01950-8","article-title":"Translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Concussion Recognition Tool 6 (CRT6), Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 6 (SCAT6(R)) and Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool 6 (SCOAT6): The Italian process","volume":"51","author":"Baioccato","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ital. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e969","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usae494","article-title":"Utility of the Vestibular\/Ocular Motor Screening in Military Medicine: A Systematic Review","volume":"190","author":"Hoppes","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mil. Med."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5072","article-title":"Longitudinal Improvement in Balance Error Scoring System Scores among NCAA Division-I Football Athletes","volume":"35","author":"Mathiasen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-0063.21","article-title":"King-Devick Sensitivity and Specificity to Concussion in Collegiate Athletes","volume":"58","author":"Le","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Athl. Train."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/13\/7\/738\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T12:44:18Z","timestamp":1783428258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/13\/7\/738"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering13070738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering13070738","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]}}}