{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:19:19Z","timestamp":1787746759723,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003170","name":"Knowledge Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20190010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["20190010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190010"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02cbq7e25","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Replicating the complex physiology of human skin in vitro remains a challenge for cutaneous oncology. Although several three-dimensional (3D) skin and melanoma models have been developed, reproducible skin equivalent systems that enable direct and standardized comparisons between healthy and melanoma-containing skin remain valuable experimental tools. This study aimed to optimize and characterize skin equivalents containing either melanocytes or melanoma cells and to evaluate their utility as platforms for investigating melanoma-associated skin biology and UVB-induced responses in vitro. To achieve this, 3D skin equivalents containing fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and either melanocytes or melanoma cells were reconstructed on a polystyrene scaffold to generate healthy (mc) and melanoma (mm) models. Morphological characteristics were compared with clinically verified human tissue sections, and functional responses to UVB irradiation were assessed with a focus on the kynurenine pathway. The models demonstrated a distinct dermal\u2013epidermal architecture and distinguishable melanoma-associated features, including epidermis-confined melanoma cell clusters, in mm constructs. UVB exposure induced differential responses between models, including significant differences in kynurenine pathway regulation. These findings suggest that the developed skin equivalents provide a reproducible in vitro platform for studying melanoma-associated skin biology and treatment-related metabolic responses and may support future mechanistic studies of skin cancer progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13090980","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:59:23Z","timestamp":1787741963000},"page":"980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization of a 3D Skin Equivalent Incorporating Melanocytes or Melanoma Cells for In Vitro Melanoma Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6154-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylwia","family":"Hasterok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 28 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 28 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skaidre","family":"Jankovskaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 28 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 28 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdenka","family":"Prgomet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 28 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 21 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Ohlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 28 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 28 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9847-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 28 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"},{"name":"Biofilms Research Center for Biointerfaces, Malm\u00f6 University, 214 28 Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barker, J., Griffiths, C., Bleiker, T., Simpson, R., and Hussain, W. 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