{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:14:53Z","timestamp":1788542093237,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STU.019.024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STU.019.024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["STU.019.024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STU.019.024"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04jsz6e67","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"High Tech for a Sustainable Future"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002996","name":"the Nederlandse Hartstichting Dekker","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["03-004-2022-0079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-004-2022-0079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002996","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["03-004-2022-0079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["03-004-2022-0079"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05nxhgm70","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union ERC StG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101078711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101078711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["101078711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101078711"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"EPSRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/V044087\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/V044087\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"ANID Millennium Institute","award":["ICN2021_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICN2021_004"]}]},{"name":"ANID Millennium Institute","award":["1250261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1250261"]}]},{"award":["ICN2021_004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ICN2021_004"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bcewb51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["1250261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1250261"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bcewb51","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>T1\u03c1 mapping is emerging as a potential, contrast-free alternative to late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) for assessment of myocardial viability. However, strong signal contributions from the blood pool can impede quantitative evaluation at the (sub)endocardium. In this work, we study the effectiveness of dark-blood (DB) contrast in adiabatic T1\u03c1 (T1\u03c1,adiab) mapping at 3T, using slice-selective and non-selective adiabatic spin-lock pulses. Adiabatic DB-T1\u03c1,adiab preparations consisted of an odd number of slice-selective adiabatic full passage (AFP) pulses, followed by a final, non-selective AFP pulse. This preparation induces T1\u03c1,adiab decay within the imaging slice while inverting the magnetization outside. A delay (\u03b4) between preparation and imaging allowed for relaxation and inflow of the inverted blood to achieve DB contrast. Bias and precision of DB- and bright-blood (BB)-T1\u03c1,adiab were compared in phantom and in healthy subjects (n = 10). Blood suppression efficacy and apparent myocardial thickness in DB imaging were investigated in simulations, phantom, and in vivo. The clinical feasibility of DB-T1\u03c1,adiab mapping was evaluated in a small cohort of patients (n = 7) with suspected cardiovascular diseases. DB-T1\u03c1,adiab values were in agreement with reference BB-T1\u03c1,adiab values in phantom (myocardium-like vial BB: 219.27 \u00b1 4.80 ms, DB: 218.09 \u00b1 8.22 ms) and in healthy subjects (BB: 182.32 \u00b1 28.27 ms, DB: 183.49 \u00b1 45.54 ms). A moderate increase in intra-(wCVi,r) and inter-scan variability (wCVi\u00af) was observed in the DB method, compared with conventional BB imaging, for phantom and healthy subjects (in vivo wCVi,r BB: 15.51 \u00b1 2.65%, DB: 24.82 \u00b1 4.18%; in vivo wCVi\u00af BB: 3.38 \u00b1 0.86%, DB: 7.24 \u00b1 2.55%). Longer delay times improved blood suppression in vivo for DB-T1\u03c1,adiab, albeit at increased intra-scan variability in phantom and in vivo (DB wCVi,r for \u03b4 = 0 ms: 4.90 \u00b1 0.83% in phantom, 13.44 \u00b1 2.91% in vivo, for \u03b4 = 600 ms: 8.14 \u00b1 1.88% in phantom, 26.25 \u00b1 5.19% in vivo). Average apparent myocardial thickness was slightly higher when using DB-T1\u03c1,adiab compared with BB-T1\u03c1,adiab (BB: 7.33 \u00b1 2.05 mm, DB: 7.99 \u00b1 2.46 mm). DB-T1\u03c1,adiab maps yielded comparable image quality to BB-T1\u03c1,adiab maps in patients. DB-T1\u03c1,adiab mapping represents an alternative to BB-T1\u03c1,adiab for myocardial assessment with the potential for improved visualization of the (sub-)endocardium.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13091031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T16:07:32Z","timestamp":1788538052000},"page":"1031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dark-Blood Adiabatic T1\u03c1 Mapping of the Heart Using Combined Non-Selective and Slice-Selective RF Pulses at 3T"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5994-2834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara","family":"Coletti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CH Delft, The 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Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Fotaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, King\u2019s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"validation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3953-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yidong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CH Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0523-3877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CH Delft, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"software","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Christal van de","family":"Steeg-Henzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HollandPTC, 2629 JH Delft, The 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7820436, Chile"},{"name":"Millenium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering, Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0739-6306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Weing\u00e4rtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CH Delft, The Netherlands"},{"name":"HollandPTC, 2629 JH Delft, The 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