{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T05:02:27Z","timestamp":1789621347685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to compare the accuracy of video-based kinematic measurements using artificial intelligence (AI) between patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA) and healthy participants, and to compare the gait abnormality estimated from video data with that calculated using optical three-dimensional motion capture (MOCAP) data. This study used open-access datasets of MOCAP and video data including 20 patients with hip OA and 20 healthy participants. Video data were processed using the MYoACT application to extract marker data. The mean absolute error (MAE) of joint angles between MOCAP and MYoACT data was calculated. In patients with hip OA, the modified Gait Abnormality Score (mGAS) for each joint angle was calculated by averaging the absolute differences between each patient\u2019s value and the mean value of healthy participants, divided by the standard deviation of healthy participants, across the entire gait cycle. No significant difference in the MAE was observed between groups. In patients with hip OA, the mGAS showed no significant difference between MYoACT and MOCAP data. These findings suggest that AI-driven video-based kinematic measurements show no clear difference in the accuracy between patients with hip OA and healthy participants, and demonstrate the potential to identify gait abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering13091066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T13:05:26Z","timestamp":1789391126000},"page":"1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Identification of Gait Abnormalities in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis Using a Monocular Vision 3D Motion Capture System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Kento","family":"Sabashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita 14, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9774-4553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, ORGO Inc., 2-7, Odori Nishi 18, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-0042, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4663-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mina","family":"Samukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0317-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harukazu","family":"Tohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Sports Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita 12, Nishi 5, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Hokkaido, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-014-0466-4","article-title":"Structural Changes of Hip Osteoarthritis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging","volume":"16","author":"Teichtahl","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2015.07.017","article-title":"Prevalence of Radiographic Hip Osteoarthritis and Its Association with Hip Pain in Japanese Men and Women: The ROAD Study","volume":"24","author":"Iidaka","year":"2016","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23198","article-title":"Passive Hip Movement Measurements Related to Dynamic Motion during Gait in Hip Osteoarthritis","volume":"34","author":"Baker","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loureiro, A., Constantinou, M., Diamond, L.E., Beck, B., and Barrett, R. (2018). Individuals with Mild-to-Moderate Hip Osteoarthritis Have Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Volume Deficits. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2230-4"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324607","article-title":"Health-Related Quality of Life in Older Adults with Symptomatic Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Comparison with Matched Healthy Controls","volume":"17","author":"Salaffi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aging Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.5301\/hipint.5000111","article-title":"Gait Metric Profile and Gender Differences in Hip Osteoarthritis Patients. A Case-Controlled Study","volume":"24","author":"Khashan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hip Int."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong, J., Xiang, C., and Zheng, S. (2025). Global, Regional, and National Burden of Hip Osteoarthritis (1992\u20132021) and Predictions of Future Disease Burden Trends: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 26.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-09126-5"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peiris, W.L., Cicuttini, F.M., Constantinou, M., Yaqobi, A., Hussain, S.M., Wluka, A.E., Urquhart, D., Barrett, R., Kennedy, B., and Wang, Y. (2020). Association between Hip Muscle Cross-Sectional Area and Hip Pain and Function in Individuals with Mild-to-Moderate Hip Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 21.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03348-5"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"113","article-title":"Factors Associated with Health-Related Quality of Life in Japanese Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"27","author":"Tanaka","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Trauma Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.04.006","article-title":"Gait- and Posture-Related Factors Associated with Changes in Hip Pain and Physical Function in Patients with Secondary Hip Osteoarthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study","volume":"100","author":"Tateuchi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2024.101893","article-title":"Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Trajectories and Prognostic Factors for Functional Decline: A 3-Year Follow-up Study","volume":"68","author":"Riglet","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann. Phys. Rehabil. Med."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosenlund, S., Holsgaard-Larsen, A., Overgaard, S., and Jensen, C. (2016). The Gait Deviation Index Is Associated with Hip Muscle Strength and Patient-Reported Outcome in Patients with Severe Hip Osteoarthritis-A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153177"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjoisr.2025.02.005","article-title":"Development of a Wearable System to Estimate Knee Adduction Moment of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis during Gait Using a Single Inertial Measurement Unit","volume":"3","author":"Akiba","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Jt. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viswakumar, A., Rajagopalan, V., Ray, T., Gottipati, P., and Parimi, C. (2022). Development of a Robust, Simple, and Affordable Human Gait Analysis System Using Bottom-Up Pose Estimation with a Smartphone Camera. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.784865"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uhlrich, S.D., Falisse, A., Kidzi\u0144ski, \u0141., Muccini, J., Ko, M., Chaudhari, A.S., Hicks, J.L., and Delp, S.L. (2023). OpenCap: Human Movement Dynamics from Smartphone Videos. PLoS Comput. Biol., 19.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1011462"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porta, M., Pau, M., Leban, B., Deidda, M., Sorrentino, M., Arippa, F., and Marongiu, G. (2021). Lower Limb Kinematics in Individuals with Hip Osteoarthritis during Gait: A Focus on Adaptative Strategies and Interlimb Symmetry. Bioengineering, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8040047"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eitzen, I., Fernandes, L., Nordsletten, L., and Risberg, M.A. (2012). Sagittal Plane Gait Characteristics in Hip Osteoarthritis Patients with Mild to Moderate Symptoms Compared to Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-258"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.05.001","article-title":"The Gait Deviation Index: A New Comprehensive Index of Gait Pathology","volume":"28","author":"Schwartz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabashi, K., and Ueno, R. (2026). Comparison of Quantitative Evaluation Methods for Pathological Gait Abnormalities in Stroke Survivors. Biomechanics, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomechanics6020039"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-022-01483-3","article-title":"Gait Analysis Dataset of Healthy Volunteers and Patients before and 6 Months after Total Hip Arthroplasty","volume":"9","author":"Bertaux","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(91)90046-Z","article-title":"A Gait Analysis Data Collection and Reduction Technique","volume":"10","author":"Davis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hum. Mov. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2024.112118","article-title":"Validity of Muscle Activation Estimated with Predicted Ground Reaction Force in Inverse Dynamics Based Musculoskeletal Simulation during Gait","volume":"168","author":"Ueno","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e32078","article-title":"Calibrationless Monocular Vision Musculoskeletal Simulation during Gait","volume":"10","author":"Ueno","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00927","article-title":"CusToM: A Matlab Toolbox for Musculoskeletal Simulation","volume":"4","author":"Muller","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.10.017","article-title":"Lateral Trunk Lean Explains Variation in Dynamic Knee Joint Load in Patients with Medial Compartment Knee Osteoarthritis","volume":"16","author":"Hunt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2012.04.016","article-title":"A Marker Based Kinematic Method of Identifying Initial Contact during Gait Suitable for Use in Real-Time Visual Feedback Applications","volume":"36","author":"Robinson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christensen, M.R., Kirkegaard, J., Berg, K., Andresen, K.R., Skov Hansen, S., and Key, K. (2026). Validation of a Handheld Smartphone Markerless Method for Quantifying Thoracolumbar Flexion-Extension Range of Motion in Horses at Trot. Equine Vet. J., 1\u201312.","DOI":"10.1002\/evj.70310"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005773","article-title":"Statistics From A (Agreement) to Z (z Score): A Guide to Interpreting Common Measures of Association, Agreement, Diagnostic Accuracy, Effect Size, Heterogeneity, and Reliability in Medical Research","volume":"133","author":"Schober","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2008.09.003","article-title":"The Reliability of Three-Dimensional Kinematic Gait Measurements: A Systematic Review","volume":"29","author":"McGinley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1080\/14763141.2019.1671486","article-title":"Validation of a New Inertial Measurement Unit System Based on Different Dynamic Movements for Future In-Field Applications","volume":"21","author":"Bessone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Biomech."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2019.06.011","article-title":"OARSI Guidelines for the Non-Surgical Management of Knee, Hip, and Polyarticular Osteoarthritis","volume":"27","author":"Bannuru","year":"2019","journal-title":"Osteoarthr. Cartil."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-225041","article-title":"EULAR Recommendations for the Non-Pharmacological Core Management of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: 2023 Update","volume":"83","author":"Moseng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."}],"container-title":["Bioengineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/13\/9\/1066\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T04:15:37Z","timestamp":1789618537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-5354\/13\/9\/1066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["bioengineering13091066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering13091066","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-5354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-5354","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]}}}