{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:11:41Z","timestamp":1760242301483,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,12]],"date-time":"2017-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, an umbrella-shaped device that is used for osteonecrosis treatment is simulated. The femoral head is subjected to various complex loadings as a result of a person\u2019s daily movements. Implant devices used in the body are made of shape memory alloy materials because of their remarkable resistance to wear and corrosion, good biocompatibility, and variable mechanical properties. Since this NiTi umbrella-shaped implant is simultaneously under several loadings, a 3-D model of shape memory alloy is utilized to investigate the behavior of the implant under different conditions. Shape memory and pseudo-elasticity behavior of NiTi is analyzed using a numerical model. The simulation is performed within different temperatures and in an isothermal condition with varied and complex loadings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the device under thermal and multi-axial forces via numerically study. Under tensile loading, the most critical points are on the top part of the implant. It is also shown that changes in temperature have a minor effect on the Von Mises stress. Applied forces and torques have significant influence on the femoral head. Simulations results indicate that the top portion of the umbrella is under the most stress when embedded in the body. Consequently, the middle, curved portion of the umbrella is under the least amount of stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering4010023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,13]],"date-time":"2017-03-13T10:26:18Z","timestamp":1489400778000},"page":"23","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Finite Element Simulation of NiTi Umbrella-Shaped Implant Used on Femoral Head under Different Loadings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8682-7401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Mehrabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 77139-36417, Iran"},{"name":"Dynamic and Smart Systems Laboratory, MIME Department, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milad","family":"Dorri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 77139-36417, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3720-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Elahinia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynamic and Smart Systems Laboratory, MIME Department, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-013-1869-6","article-title":"Umbrella-shaped, memory alloy femoral head support device for treatment of avascular osteonecrosis of the femoral head","volume":"37","author":"Yu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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