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Since mobilization of subchondral bone (marrow) cells and addition of chondrocytes or mesenchymal stromal cells into full-thickness defects show some degrees of repair, the lack of self-repair activity in adult articular cartilage can be attributed to lack of reparative cells in adult joints. In contrast, during a fetal or embryonic stage, joint articular cartilage has a scar-less repair activity, suggesting that embryonic joints may contain cells responsible for such activity, which can be chondrocytes, chondroprogenitors, or other cell types such as skeletal stem cells. In this respect, the tendency of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) to give rise to cells of embryonic characteristics will provide opportunity, especially for humans, to obtain cells carrying similar cartilage self-repair activity. Making use of PSC-derived cells for cartilage repair is still in a basic or preclinical research phase. This review will provide brief overviews on how human PSCs have been used for cartilage repair studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8040046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T03:04:06Z","timestamp":1618196646000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Rejuvenated Stem\/Progenitor Cells for Cartilage Repair Using the Pluripotent Stem Cell Technology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Nakayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudheer","family":"Ravuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnny","family":"Huard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199808)41:8<1331::AID-ART2>3.0.CO;2-J","article-title":"Articular cartilage repair and transplantation","volume":"41","author":"Buckwalter","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260062201","article-title":"Articular cartilage lesions of the knee","volume":"26","author":"Mandelbaum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. 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