{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T05:26:06Z","timestamp":1781933166058,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Three-dimensional printed custom cutting guides (CCGs) are becoming more and more investigated in medical literature, as a patient-specific approach is often desired and very much needed in today\u2019s surgical practice. Three-dimensional printing applications and computer-aided surgical simulations (CASS) allow for meticulous preoperatory planning and substantial reductions of operating time and risk of human error. However, several limitations seem to slow the large-scale adoption of 3D printed CCGs. CAD designing and 3D printing skills are inevitably needed to develop workflow and address the study; therefore, hospitals are pushed to include third-party collaboration, from highly specialized medical centers to industrial engineering companies, thus increasing the time and cost of labor. The aim of this study was to move towards the feasibility of an in-house, low-cost CCG 3D printing methodology for pediatric orthopedic (PO) surgery. The prototype of a femoral cutting guide was developed for its application at the IOR\u2014Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute of Bologna. The element was printed with an entry-level 3D printer with a high-temperature PLA fiber, whose thermomechanical properties can withstand common steam heat sterilization without bending or losing the original geometry. This methodology allowed for extensive preoperatory planning that would likewise reduce the overall surgery time, whilst reducing the risks related to the intervention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering8060071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T10:30:32Z","timestamp":1622025032000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["In-House, Fast FDM Prototyping of a Custom Cutting Guide for a Lower-Risk Pediatric Femoral Osteotomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4809-3536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo","family":"Frizziero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7966-6002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gian Maria","family":"Santi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6430-4615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Leon-Cardenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6666-1309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giampiero","family":"Donnici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3255-9381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo","family":"Liverani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Papaleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curzio","family":"Pagliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni Luigi","family":"Di Gennaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS\u2014Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute), Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Stallone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS\u2014Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute), Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Stilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS\u2014Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute), Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0361-9920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Trisolino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS\u2014Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute), Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Zarantonello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS\u2014Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute), Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.06.051","article-title":"Three-dimensional printing in surgery: A review of current surgical applications","volume":"199","author":"Malik","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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