{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:15:59Z","timestamp":1760231759829,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]],"date-time":"2022-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pseudoexfoliation, one of the most frequent crystalline lens complex disorders, is prevalent in up to 30% of individuals older than 60 years old. This disease can lead to severe conditions, such as subluxation or dislocation of the lens, due to the weakening of the zonules. The goal for the present study was to understand the relevant biomechanical features that can lead to the worsening of an individual\u2019s visual capacity under pseudoexfoliation. To this end, finite element models based on a 62-year-old lens complex were developed, composed by the capsular bag, cortex, nucleus, anterior, equatorial, and posterior zonular fibers. Healthy and pseudoexfoliative conditions were simulated, varying the location of the zonulopathy (inferior\/superior) and the degenerated layer. The accommodative capacity of the models with inferior dialysis of the zonular fibers was, on average, 4.7% greater than for the cases with superior dialysis. If the three sets of zonules were disrupted, this discrepancy increased to 14.9%. The present work provides relevant data to be further analyzed in clinical scenarios, as these models (and their future extension to a wider age range) can help in identifying the most influential regions for the reduction of the visual capacity of the lens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9050212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T09:27:56Z","timestamp":1652520476000},"page":"212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["3D Modeling of the Crystalline Lens Complex under Pseudoexfoliation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Leonor","family":"Jud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6130-0408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 P. G.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"ESTS, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui B.","family":"Ruben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESTG, CDRSP, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Feij\u00f3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital da Luz, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filomena J.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital da Luz, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8458-096X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo R.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDMEC, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(00)00196-X","article-title":"Exfoliation syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Ritch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Surv. 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