{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T03:49:20Z","timestamp":1793245760820,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fond Unique Interminist\u00e9riel","award":["17 015959 01\u2013N00013834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17 015959 01\u2013N00013834"]}]},{"name":"Bpi France, the French Auvergne Rhone Alpes Region, the M\u00e9tropole Grenoble Alpes, and the Ile de France region","award":["17 015959 01\u2013N00013834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17 015959 01\u2013N00013834"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this paper is to describe a protocol that simulates the spinal surgery undergone by adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) by using a 3D-printed spine model. Patients with AIS underwent pre- and postoperative bi-planar low-dose X-rays from which a numerical 3D model of their spine was generated. The preoperative numerical spine model was subsequently 3D printed to virtually reproduce the spine surgery. Special consideration was given to the printing materials for the 3D-printed elements in order to reflect the radiopaque and mechanical properties of typical bones most accurately. Two patients with AIS were recruited and operated. During the virtual surgery, both pre- and postoperative images of the 3D-printed spine model were acquired. The proposed 3D-printing workflow used to create a realistic 3D-printed spine suitable for virtual surgery appears to be feasible and reliable. This method could be used for virtual-reality scoliosis surgery training incorporating 3D-printed models, and to test surgical instruments and implants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9090469","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T20:50:45Z","timestamp":1663188645000},"page":"469","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Virtual Scoliosis Surgery Using a 3D-Printed Model Based on Biplanar Radiographs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8480-246X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lien","family":"Courvoisier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TIMC, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France"},{"name":"Grenoble Alps Scoliosis and Spine Center, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Bvd de la Chantourne, 38043 Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cebrian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EOS Imaging, 10 rue Mercoeur, 75011 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julien","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EOS Imaging, 10 rue Mercoeur, 75011 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"D\u00e9saut\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EOS Imaging, 10 rue Mercoeur, 75011 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9094-3376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Aubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EOS Imaging, 10 rue Mercoeur, 75011 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Amabile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EOS Imaging, 10 rue Mercoeur, 75011 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"Thi\u00e9baut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eCential Robotics, Zone Mayencin II, Parc Equation-B\u00e2t.1, 2 Avenue de Vignate, 38610 Gi\u00e8res, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-022-07250-7","article-title":"3D printing applications in spine surgery: An evidence-based assessment toward personalized patient care","volume":"31","author":"Habib","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. 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