{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:51:36Z","timestamp":1787316696788,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University","award":["22UQU4320141DSR39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22UQU4320141DSR39"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University","award":["PNURSP2022R186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R186"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University","award":["GRP\/242\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRP\/242\/43"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22UQU4320141DSR39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22UQU4320141DSR39"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNURSP2022R186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004242","name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GRP\/242\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRP\/242\/43"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004242","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["22UQU4320141DSR39"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22UQU4320141DSR39"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["PNURSP2022R186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNURSP2022R186"]}]},{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University","award":["GRP\/242\/43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRP\/242\/43"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bioengineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bombax ceiba L. (Family: Malvaceae) was rightly called the \u201csilent doctor\u201d in the past as every part of it had medicinal value. For centuries, humans have used this plant according to the traditional medicinal systems of China, Ayurveda, and tribal communities. Recently, with an emerging interest in herbals, attention has been paid to scientifically validating medicinal claims for the treatment of diabetes using secondary metabolites of B. ceiba L. flowers. In the present study, specific secondary metabolites from the flowers of B. ceiba L. were isolated in good yield using the solvent extraction methodology, and their in vitro anti-diabetic efficacy was examined. Extraction efficiency of each solvent for secondary metabolites was found in following order: water &gt; ethanol&gt; methanol &gt; chloroform &gt; petroleum ether. Quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites showed 120.33 \u00b1 2.33 mg\/gm polyphenols, 60.77 \u00b1 1.02 mg\/g flavonoids, 60.26 \u00b1 1.20 mg\/g glycosaponins, 0.167 \u00b1 0.02 mg\/g polysaccharides for water extract; 91.00 \u00b1 1.00 mg\/g polyphenols, 9.22 \u00b1 1.02 mg\/g flavonoids, 43.90 \u00b1 0.30 mg\/g glycosaponins, 0.090 \u00b1 0.03 mg\/g poly saccharides for ethanol extract; 52.00 \u00b1 2.64 mg\/g polyphenols, 35.22 \u00b1 0.38 mg\/g flavonoids, 72.26 \u00b1 1.05 mg\/g glycosaponins, 0.147 \u00b1 0.01 mg\/g polysaccharides for methanol extract; 11.33 \u00b1 0.58 mg\/g polyphenols, 23.66 \u00b1 1.76 mg\/g flavonoids, 32.8 \u00b1 0.75 mg\/g glycosaponins, 0.013 \u00b1 0.02 mg\/g polysaccharides for chloroform extract; and 3.33 \u00b1 1.53 mg\/g polyphenols, 1.89 \u00b1 1.39 mg\/g flavonoids, 21.67 \u00b1 1.24 mg\/g glycosaponins, 0.005 \u00b1 0.01 mg\/g polysaccharides for petroleum ether extract. Glucose uptake by yeast cells increased 70.38 \u00b1 2.17% by water extract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering9100486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T21:12:53Z","timestamp":1663708373000},"page":"486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of Various Extraction Techniques for Secondary Metabolites from Bombax ceiba L. Flowering Plants along with In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Performance"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Yasien","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Muntazir","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3866-3216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsin","family":"Javed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3318-1739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maha Abdallah","family":"Alnuwaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4607-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahid","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qaiser","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2546-8035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eslam B.","family":"Elkaeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayed A.","family":"Dera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamad","family":"Alrbyawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami Adel","family":"Pashameah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd-ElAziem","family":"Farouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114744","article-title":"Ethnodermatological use of medicinal plants in India: From ayurvedic formulations to clinical perspectives\u2014A review","volume":"284","author":"Anand","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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